IV. Correcturas1
1 L’administratur dal register funsil na dastga far naginas correcturas senza il consentiment en scrit dals participads, nun ch’i saja avant maun ina disposiziun dal derschader.
2 Empè da curreger ina inscripziun faussa, po quella vegnir extinguida e fatga da nov.
3 Simpels sbagls da scriver vegnan curregids d’uffizi a norma da l’ordinaziun correspundenta dal Cussegl federal.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
1 Integrà tras la cifra II da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).2 Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
A. Disposiziuns generalas
I. Princip da la nunretroactivitad da la lescha
1 Ils effects giuridics da fatgs ch’èn capitads avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, vegnan giuditgads er suenter l’entrada en vigur dal Cudesch civil tenor las disposiziuns dal dretg federal e dal dretg chantunal ch’eran valaivlas il mument che quests fatgs en capitads.
2 Per consequenza èn ils acts ch’èn vegnids fatgs avant quest mument suttamess – en quai che concerna lur forza obligatorica e lur effects giuridics – er en l’avegnir a las disposiziuns ch’eran valaivlas dal temp ch’els èn vegnids fatgs.
3 Ils fatgs ch’èn capitads pir suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil ston vegnir giuditgads tenor il dretg nov, nun che la lescha prevesia in’excepziun.
II. Retroactivitad
1. Urden public e morala publica
1 Las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil ch’èn vegnidas fixadas en l’interess da l’urden public e da la morala publica, vegnan applitgadas – uschespert ch’el è entrà en vigur – per tut ils fatgs, nun che la lescha haja previs in’excepziun.
2 A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil na dastgan per consequenza las prescripziuns dal dretg vegl che cuntradin tenor il dretg nov a l’urden public ed a la morala publica betg pli vegnir applitgadas.
2. Cuntegn da las relaziuns giuridicas stabilidas da la lescha
Relaziuns giuridicas cun in cuntegn ch’è reglà da la lescha independentamain da la voluntad dals participads èn suttamessas al dretg nov a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil è entrà en vigur, e quai er sch’ellas èn vegnidas fundadas avant quest termin.
3. Dretgs betg acquistads
Fatgs ch’èn bain capitads sut il domini dal dretg vegl, or dals quals i n’era però betg naschida ina pretensiun protegida dal dretg il mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil è entrà en vigur, èn – en quai che concerna lur effects giuridics – suttamess al dretg nov a partir da quest mument.
B. Dretg da persunas
I. Abilitad d’agir
1 L’abilitad d’agir vegn giuditgada en tut ils cas tenor las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
2 Tgi che posseda dentant il mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur l’abilitad d’agir tenor il dretg vegl, ma n’avess betg ella tenor il dretg nov, vegn tuttina renconuschì sco abel d’agir er suenter quest termin.
IV. Protecziun da la persunalitad cunter violenza, smanatschas u persecuziuns
Per proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 14 da december 2018 vegn applitgà il dretg nov.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).
5. Conversiun da rentas existentas
1 Sch’il derschader ha – en cas d’in divorzi tenor il dretg vegl – concedì al consort creditur suenter l’entrada d’in cas da prevenziun ina indemnisaziun en furma d’ina renta che scada pir cun la mort dal consort debitur u creditur, po il consort creditur pretender entaifer 1 onn suenter l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 19 da zercladur 2015 davant il derschader ch’el survegnia empè da quai ina renta per vita duranta tenor l’artitgel 124a, sch’il consort debitur retira ina renta d’invaliditad suenter la vegliadetgna reglamentarica da renta u ina renta da vegliadetgna.
2 En cas da decisiuns estras sa drizza la cumpetenza tenor l’artitgel 64 da la Lescha federala dals 18 da december 19872 davart il dretg internaziunal privat.
3 La renta tenor il dretg vegl vala sco part da la renta attribuida.
3. Dretg da burgais
La Svizra che ha maridà sut il dretg vegl po declerar visavi l’autoritad cumpetenta da ses anteriur chantun d’origin entaifer 1 onn dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov ch’ella reprendia puspè il dretg da burgais ch’ella ha gì sco nubila.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 1984, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
4. Mantegniment da la separaziun legala u giudiziala dals bains
Sche la separaziun dals bains e vegnida fatga pervia da la lescha u sin ordinaziun dal derschader, valan per ils consorts las novas disposiziuns davart la separaziun dals bains.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 1984, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
f. Register dals bains matrimonials
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur da la Lescha federala dals 5 d’october 1984 na vegnan betg pli fatgas novas inscripziuns en il register dals bains matrimonials.
2 Il dretg da prender invista dal register resta garantì.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 1984, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
7. Protecziun dals crediturs
Sch’il dretg dals bains matrimonials sa mida cun l’entrada en vigur da la Lescha federala dals 5 d’october 1984, valan – en quai che concerna la responsabladad – las disposiziuns davart la protecziun dals crediturs en cas da midadas dal stadi dals bains.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 1984, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
IIIter. Contestaziun da la legitimaziun
Las disposiziuns dal dretg nov davart la contestaziun da la renconuschientscha d’in uffant suenter la maridaglia dals geniturs valan tenor il senn per la contestaziun d’ina legitimaziun ch’è vegnida fatga tenor il dretg vegl.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 25 da zer. 1976, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1978 (AS 1977 237; BBl 1974 II 1).
IVquater. Num da l’uffant
1 Sch’ils geniturs n’han betg pli in num da famiglia cuminaivel sin fundament d’ina decleraziun tenor l’artitgel 8a da quest titel suenter che la midada dals 30 da settember 2011 da questa lescha è entrada en vigur, pon els declerar entaifer 1 onn dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov, che l’uffant survegnia il num da nubil dal consort che ha fatg questa decleraziun.
2 Sche la tgira genituriala per in uffant da geniturs betg maridads è vegnida surdada als geniturs u sulettamain al bab avant che la midada dals 30 da settember 2011 da questa lescha è entrada en vigur, po la decleraziun ch’è previsa tenor l’artitgel 270a alineas 2 e 3 vegnir fatga entaifer 1 onn dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov.
3 Il consentiment da l’uffant resta resalvà sa basond sin l’artitgel 270b.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 30 da sett. 2011 (num e dretg da burgais), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2012 2569; BBl 2009 7573 7581).
2. Proceduras pendentas
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 19 da december 20082 cuntinuescha la nova autoritad cumpetenta cun las proceduras pendentas.
2 Il nov dretg da procedura vegn applitgà.
3 L’autoritad decida, sche e quant enavant che la procedura veglia sto vegnir cumplettada.
D. Dretg d’ierta
I. Ierta e successiun d’ierta
1 La successiun d’ierta d’ina persuna ch’è morta avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil vegn reglada tenor il dretg vegl er suenter quest termin; il medem vala er per ils effects dals bains matrimonials ch’èn nunseparabels da l’ierta tenor il dretg chantunal e che naschan cun la mort dal bab, da la mamma u d’in consort.
2 Questa prescripziun sa referescha tant als ertavels sco er a la successiun d’ierta.
II. Disposiziuns per causa da mort
1 Sch’in testader ch’è abel da disponer ha fatg u ha revocà – avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil – ina disposiziun per causa da mort tenor il dretg ch’era en vigur da quel temp, na po quest act betg vegnir contestà cun la motivaziun, ch’il testader saja mort suenter l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov e na fiss betg stà abel da disponer tenor quel.
2 Ina disposiziun testamentara na po betg vegnir contestada pervia d’ina mancanza formala, sche las formalitads, che valevan il temp cur che l’act è vegnì fatg u cur ch’il testader è mort, èn vegnidas observadas.
3 Sch’il testader è mort suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, vegni decidì en mintga cas tenor il dretg nov, sch’ina disposiziun per causa da mort vegn contestada cun la motivaziun che la part disponibla saja surpassada u che la maniera da disponer na saja betg admessa.
E. Dretgs reals
I. En general
1 Ils dretgs reals ch’existan il mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur restan renconuschids er sut il dretg nov, cun resalva da las prescripziuns davart il register funsil.
2 Concernent lur cuntegn èn la proprietad ed ils dretgs reals limitads però suttamess al dretg nov suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, nun che quel prevesia in’excepziun.
3 Dretgs reals che na pudessan betg pli vegnir constituids tenor il dretg nov, restan suttamess al dretg vegl.
II. Dretg sin inscripziun en il register funsil
1 Sch’ina pretensiun che ha l’intent da constituir in dretg real è vegnida fundada avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, vegn ella renconuschida sco valaivla, sch’ella correspunda a la furma dal dretg vegl u dal dretg nov.
2 L’ordinaziun davart il register funsil fixescha, tge documents d’identitad che ston vegnir preschentads per laschar inscriver tals dretgs.
3 Sch’il cuntegn d’in dretg real e stabilì tras in act giuridic, fatg avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, vegn el er renconuschì sut il dretg nov, uschenavant ch’el sa cumporta cun tal.
III. Acquist tras giudida
1 A partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil è entrà en vigur, sa drizza l’acquist tras giudida tenor il dretg nov.
2 Sch’in acquist tras giudida che correspunda er al dretg nov ha cumenzà sut il dretg vegl, vegn il temp ch’è passà avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil mess a quint proporziunalmain al termin dal dretg nov.
c. Rectificaziun dals registers funsils
Per pudair suttametter la proprietad en condomini transfurmada a las novas prescripziuns e per inscriver la proprietad en condomini originala en il register funsil, pon ils chantuns ordinar ch’ils registers funsils vegnian rectifitgads e decretar prescripziuns da procedura spezialas per quest intent.
1 Integrà tras la cifra IV da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
V. Servituts funsilas
1 Las servituds funsilas ch’èn vegnidas constituidas avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil restan valaivlas suenter l’introducziun dal register funsil er senza ch’ellas sajan inscrittas en quel; ellas na pon dentant betg vegnir fatgas valair vers terzas persunas da buna fai, uschè ditg ch’ellas n’èn betg inscrittas.
2 Obligaziuns colliadas accessoricamain cun servituts ch’èn vegnidas constituidas avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20091 e che resultan mo da mussaments dal register funsil, pon vegnir fatgas valair er vinavant vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.2
VI. Dretgs da pegn funsil
1. Renconuschientscha dals titels da pegn existents
1 Ils titels da pegn ch’existan il mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur, restan valaivels senza ch’els stoppian vegnir adattads al dretg nov.
2 Igl è dentant resalvà als chantuns da prescriver ch’ils titels da pegn existents vegnian renovads ed adattads a las disposiziuns dal dretg nov entaifer in tschert termin.
2. Constituziun da dretgs da pegn
1 Suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil dastgan vegnir constituidas mo quellas spezias da dretgs da pegn funsil ch’èn renconuschidas dal dretg nov.
2 Fin a l’introducziun dal register funsil vegnan els constituids tenor las furmas dal dretg chantunal da fin ussa.
3. Extincziun da titels
1 Suenter ch’il dretg nov è entrà en vigur, vegnan sias disposiziuns applitgadas per extinguer u per midar titels, per decretar in pegn e per chaussas sumegliantas.
2 Uschè ditg ch’il register funsil n’è betg introducì, ston vegnir observadas las furmas tenor il dretg chantunal.
4. Dimensiun da la garanzia ipotecara
1 Per tut ils dretgs da pegn funsil vegn la dimensiun da la garanzia ipotecara determinada tenor il dretg nov.
2 Sche tscherts objects determinads èn vegnids dads en pegn al creditur ensemen cun il bain immobigliar, e quai en moda giuridicamain valaivla sin basa d’ina cunvegna speziala, restan quests objects suttamess al pegn, er sch’els na pudessan betg vegnir impegnads tenor il dretg nov.
5. Dretgs ed obligaziuns che resultan dal pegn immobigliar
a. En general
1 Ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dals crediturs e dals debiturs concernent ils pegns immobigliars ch’existan il mument da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil vegnan reglads tenor il dretg vegl, uschenavant ch’i sa tracta d’effects da contracts.
2 Er per quests pegns immobigliars vala a partir da quest mument il dretg nov, sch’i sa tracta d’effects ch’èn stabilids tenor la lescha e che na pon betg vegnir midads tras contracts.
3 Sch’il pegn cumpiglia plirs bains immobigliars, restan quels engrevgiads tenor il dretg vegl.
b. Mesiras da garanzia
Ils dretgs dal creditur durant la durada dal pegn, en spezial quels da far ordinar mesiras da garanzia, èn suttamess al dretg nov per tut ils pegns immobigliars, e quai a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur; il medem vala er per ils dretgs dal debitur.
c. Disditga, transferiment
Per disdir credits ch’èn garantids tras pegns immobigliars sco er per transferir ils titels d’ina persuna ad in’autra sto vegnir observà il dretg vegl, sch’i sa tracta da pegns ch’èn vegnids constituids gia avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil; resalvadas restan dentant las prescripziuns dal dretg nov ch’èn absolutamain liantas.
6. Rang
1 Il rang dals dretgs da pegn vegn fixà dal dretg vegl fin ch’ils bains immobigliars èn inscrits en il register funsil.
2 A partir dal mument da l’introducziun dal register funsil vegn il rang dals crediturs fixà tenor las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil davart il register funsil.
7. Post da pegn
1 Concernent il post da pegn fix u concernent il dretg dal creditur d’entrar e da s’avanzar en in post liber vegn applitgà il dretg nov a partir da l’introducziun dal register funsil, ed en mintga cas 5 onns suenter ch’il nov Cudesch civil è entrà en vigur; ils dretgs spezials ch’existan a favur dal creditur restan resalvads.
2 Ils chantuns pon fixar ulteriuras disposiziuns transitoricas.1
1 Versiun tenor la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
8. ...
1 Abolì tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
11. Transfurmaziun da la spezia da la brev ipotecara
Il proprietari d’in bain immobigliar e las persunas che han in dretg sin il bain immobigliar pon pretender cuminaivlamain en scrit ch’ina brev ipotecara sin palpiri, ch’è vegnida inscritta avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20092, vegnia transfurmada en ina brev ipotecara registrada.
VII. Pegns movibels
1. Furma
1 A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil pon ils pegns movibels vegnir constituids mo en las furmas che vegnan previsas da quel.
2 Pegns movibels ch’èn vegnids constituids avant quest mument e tenor in’autra furma extinguan suenter 6 mais dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov, sch’il termin da pajament era gia scrudà, ed en cas ch’il termin scroda pli tard, a partir dal mument ch’el scroda u a partir dal mument che la pretensiun po vegnir disditga.
2. Effects
1 Ils effects dal pegn movibel, ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dal creditur da pegn, da l’impegnader u dal debitur da pegn sa drizzan tenor il nov Cudesch civil a partir dal mument ch’el è entrà en vigur, e quai er, sch’il pegn è vegnì constituì gia avant il mument da l’entrada en vigur.
2 In contract da scadenza dal pegn a favur dal creditur ch’è vegnì fatg avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, daventa nunvalaivel a partir da quest mument.
VIII. Dretg da retenziun
1 Il dretg da retenziun tenor il nov Cudesch civil s’extenda er sin talas chaussas ch’èn vegnidas en ils mauns dal creditur avant sia entrada en vigur.
2 Il creditur po far valair quest dretg er per pretensiuns ch’èn naschidas avant quest mument.
3 Ils dretgs da retenziun ch’èn naschids pli baud èn – en quai che concerna lur effects – suttamess a las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
IX. Possess
Il possess è suttamess al dretg nov a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur.
X. Register funsil
1. Introducziun dal register funsil
1 Suenter avair tadlà ils chantuns fixescha il Cussegl federal il plan general per introducir il register funsil. Questa cumpetenza po el transferir al departament u a l’uffizi cumpetent.1
1 Versiun tenor la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Mesiraziun uffiziala
a. ...
...
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
b. Relaziun cun il register funsil
1 Per regla duai la mesiraziun preceder l’introducziun dal register funsil.
2 Cun il consentiment dal Cussegl federal po il register funsil gia vegnir constituì pli baud, sch’i èn avant maun registers dals bains immobigliars ch’èn precis avunda.
c. Temp da la realisaziun
2 La mesiraziun e l’introducziun dal register funsil pon vegnir realisadas ina suenter l’autra per ils singuls districts d’in chantun.
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Inscripziun dals dretgs reals
a. Procedura
1 A chaschun da l’introducziun dal register funsil duain vegnir inscrits ils dretgs reals ch’existan gia da quel temp.
2 Per quest intent sto vegnir decretà in clom public cun l’invitaziun d’annunziar e da laschar inscriver quests dretgs.
3 Ils dretgs reals ch’èn inscrits en registers publics tenor il dretg vegl, vegnan transferids d’uffizi en il register funsil, uschenavant ch’els pon vegnir constituids tenor il dretg nov.
b. Consequenzas, sche l’inscripziun vegn tralaschada
1 Ils dretgs reals tenor il dretg vegl che na vegnan betg inscrits mantegnan bain lur valaivladad, els na pon dentant betg vegnir fatgs valair vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.
2 Igl è resalvà a la legislaziun federala u chantunala da declerar tut ils dretgs reals che n’èn betg vegnids inscrits en il register funsil sco abolids a partir d’in tschert termin, suenter ch’igl è vegnì decretà in clom public.
3 Las grevezzas funsilas da dretg public e las ipotecas legalas da dretg chantunal ch’èn resultadas avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20091 e che n’èn betg inscrittas pon vegnir fatgas valair anc durant 10 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da la midada vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.2
4. Dretgs reals abolids
1 Dretgs reals che na pon betg pli vegnir constituids tenor il dretg dal register funsil, sco per exempel la proprietad da bostga sin terren ester, dretgs da pegns da giudida e dretgs sumegliants, na vegnan betg inscrits en il register funsil; els ston dentant vegnir remartgads en quel en moda opportuna.
2 Sch’els èn ids a perder per in motiv u l’auter, na pon els betg pli vegnir constituids da nov.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra IV da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Spustament da l’introducziun dal register funsil
1 Cun l’autorisaziun dal Cussegl federal pon ils chantuns spustar d’introducir il register funsil tenor las prescripziuns dal nov Cudesch civil, uschespert che las furmas dal dretg chantunal, cun u senza cumplettaziuns, paran dad esser suffizientas per garantir ils effects dal register funsil en il senn dal dretg nov.
2 En quest cas stoi vegnir fixà exactamain, cun tge furmas dal dretg chantunal ch’ils effects dal dretg nov duain esser colliads.
6. Entrada en vigur dal dretg real avant il register funsil
Il dretg real dal nov Cudesch civil entra generalmain en vigur er senza ch’ils registers funsils sajan vegnids constituids.
7. Effects da furmas chantunalas
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur dal dretg real ed avant l’introducziun dal register funsil pon ils chantuns designar las furmas, a las qualas ils effects dal register funsil vegnan attribuids immediatamain (omologaziun, inscripziun en registers da bains immobigliars, d’ipotecas u da servituts).
2 Ils chantuns pon fixar che questas furmas possedan er senza u avant l’introducziun dal register funsil ils effects ch’èn colliads cun tal e che concernan la constituziun, il transferiment, la midada e l’extincziun dals dretgs reals.
3 Effects dal register funsil a favur da terzas persunas da buna fai n’existan percunter betg avant ch’il register funsil è vegnì introducì u avant ch’in auter institut è vegnì declerà sco equivalent.
F. Surannaziun
1 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli lung ch’il dretg vegl, vala il dretg nov, uschenavant che la surannaziun tenor il dretg vertent n’è betg anc entrada.
2 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli curt, vala il dretg vegl.
3 L’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov n’ha nagins effects sin il cumenzament d’ina surannaziun currenta, nun che la lescha disponia insatge auter.
4 Dal rest vala il dretg nov per la surannaziun a partir dal mument ch’el entra en vigur.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da zer. 2018 (revisiun dal dretg da surannaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
A. Aboliziun dal dretg civil chantunal
Cun l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil èn abolidas tut las disposiziuns da dretg civil dals chantuns, nun ch’il dretg federal prevesia insatge auter.
B. Disposiziuns chantunalas cumplementaras
I. Dretgs ed obligaziuns dals chantuns
1 Ils chantuns decreteschan las disposiziuns ch’èn previsas per cumplettar il nov Cudesch civil, en spezial en quai che concerna la cumpetenza da las autoritads e l’organisaziun dals uffizis da stadi civil, dals uffizis d’avugadia1 e dal register funsil.
2 Uschenavant ch’il dretg nov dovra, per pudair vegnir applitgà, necessariamain ina cumplettaziun tras disposiziuns chantunalas, èn ils chantuns obligads da decretar talas; els pon far quai ad interim tras ordinaziuns.2
3 Las disposiziuns chantunalas davart il dretg da register ston vegnir approvadas da la Confederaziun.3
4 Las ulteriuras disposiziuns chantunalas ston vegnir suttamessas a l’Uffizi federal da giustia per laschar prender enconuschientscha.4
1 Oz: autoritads per la protecziun da creschids (guardar art. 440).
2 Versiun tenor la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
3 Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008 (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
4 Integrà tras la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333). Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008 (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
II. Ordinaziuns substitutivas da la Confederaziun
1 Sch’in chantun n’ha betg decretà ad uras las disposiziuns necessarias, decretescha il Cussegl federal quellas provisoricamain empè dal chantun, annunziond quai a l’Assamblea federala.
2 Sch’in chantun na decretescha betg in’ordinaziun cumplettanta en ina chaussa, nua ch’ina tala n’è betg absolutamain necessaria, vegnan applitgadas las prescripziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
C. Designaziun da las autoritads cumpetentas
1 Nua ch’il nov Cudesch civil discurra d’ina autoritad cumpetenta, decidan ils chantuns, tge autoritad ch’exista gia u che sto anc vegnir creada, che duai esser cumpetenta.
2 Nua che la lescha na discurra betg expressivamain dal derschader u d’ina autoritad administrativa, èn ils chantuns libers da designar sco cumpetenta in’autoritad giudiziala u administrativa.
3 Tant enavant ch’il Cudesch da procedura civila dals 19 da december 20081 n’è betg applitgabel, reglan ils chantuns la procedura.2
II. Copias e legalisaziuns electronicas
1 Ils chantuns pon autorisar ils funcziunaris da documentaziun da far copias electronicas da documents publics ch’els han emess.
2 Els pon er autorisar ils funcziunaris da documentaziun da certifitgar electronicamain che las copias electronicas ch’els han emess correspundian als documents originals sin palpiri sco er da legalisar l’autenticitad da suttascripziuns.
3 Il funcziunari da documentaziun sto duvrar ina signatura electronica qualifitgada che sa basa sin in certificat qualifitgà d’in purschider renconuschì da servetschs da certificaziun en il senn da la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 20162 davart la signatura electronica.3
4 Il Cussegl federal decretescha las disposiziuns executivas che garanteschan l’interoperabilitad dals sistems d’informatica sco er l’integritad, l’autenticitad e la segirezza da las datas.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2 SR 943.03
3 Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).
E. Concessiuns da dretgs d’aua
Fin ch’i vegn decretada ina lescha federala davart la concessiun da dretgs d’aua, vala la suandanta disposiziun:
Las concessiuns da dretgs vi dad auas publicas pon vegnir inscrittas en il register funsil sco dretgs independents e permanents, uschenavant ch’ellas en vegnidas dadas per almain 30 onns u per in temp nundeterminà ed uschenavant ch’ellas n’èn betg colliadas sco servituts vi d’in bain immobigliar.
1 Guardar ussa l’art. 59 da la LF dals 22 da dec. 1916 davart l’utilisaziun da las forzas idraulicas (AS 33 189; BBl 1912 II 669, 1916 III 411).
F.–H. ...
1 Abolì tras l’art. 53 al. 1 lit. b da la LF dals 8 da nov. 1934 davart las bancas e las cassas da spargn, cun effect dapi il 1. da mars 1935 (AS 51 117; BBl 1934 I 171).
J. Scussiun e concurs
La Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 18892 davart scussiun e concurs vegn midada sco suonda suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil:
...3
1 Nova numeraziun dals ultims quatter artitgels en consequenza da l’aboliziun dals anteriurs art. 58 e 59, tenor la cifra I da las Disp. trans. dal DO, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 SR 281.1
3 Text guardar en la LF numnada. Per la versiun dals art. 132bis, 141 al. 3 e 258 al. 4 guardar AS 24 233 titel final art. 60.
K. Applicaziun da dretg svizzer ed ester
1 La Lescha federala dals 25 da zercladur 18912 davart las relaziuns da dretg civil dals domiciliads e dals dimorants mantegna sia vigur per las relaziuns da dretg dals Svizzers a l’exteriur e dals esters en Svizra ed uschenavant ch’i dat conflicts pervia dal dretg chantunal different.
3 La Lescha federala dals 25 da zercladur 1891 cuntegna la suandanta integraziun: art. 7a–7i
...
1 Nova numeraziun dals ultims quatter artitgels en consequenza da l’aboliziun dals anteriurs art. 58 e 59, tenor la cifra I da las Disp. trans. dal DO, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 [BS 2 737; AS 1972 2819, 1977 237 II 1, 1986 122 II 1; AS 1988 1776 agiunta cifra I lit. a]. Guardar ussa la LDIP dals 18 da dec. 1987 (SR 291).
3 Abolì tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 1984, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 1988 (AS 1986 122; BBl 1979 II 1191).
L. Aboliziun dal dretg civil federal
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil èn abolidas tut las disposiziuns dal dretg civil da la Confederaziun che stattan en cuntradicziun cun quel.
2 En spezial èn abolidas: la Lescha federala dals 24 da december 18742 davart ils acts da stadi civil e la maridaglia; la Lescha federala dals 22 da zercladur 18813 davart l’abilitad d’agir persunala; la Lescha federala dals 14 da zercladur 18814 davart il Dretg d’obligaziuns.
3 En vigur restan las leschas spezialas davart il dretg da viafiers, da bastiments a vapur, da posta, da telegraf e da telefon, davart l’impegnaziun e la liquidaziun sfurzada da las viafiers, quellas davart la lavur en fabrica e la responsabladad en manaschis da fabrica ed en autras interpresas sco er tut las leschas federalas davart objects dal Dretg d’obligaziuns, ch’èn vegnidas decretadas ultra da la Lescha federala dals 14 da zercladur 1881 davart il Dretg d’obligaziuns.
M. Disposiziun finala
1 Il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur il 1. da schaner 1912.
2 Cun il consentiment da l’Assamblea federala po il Cussegl federal metter en vigur gia pli baud singulas disposiziuns.
1 Nova numeraziun dals ultims quatter artitgels en consequenza da l’aboliziun dals anteriurs art. 58 e 59, tenor la cifra I da las Disp. trans. dal DO, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
A. Urden ordinari dals bains
Ils consorts èn suttamess a las prescripziuns davart l’uniun dals bains, nun ch’els fixeschian insatge auter cun in contract matrimonial u ch’els sajan suttamess a l’urden extraordinari dals bains.
B. Urden dals bains dal contract matrimonial
I. Cuntegn dal contract
1 Il contract matrimonial po vegnir fatg tant avant sco er suenter maridar.
2 Ils spus u ils consorts ston surpigliar per lur contract in dals urdens dals bains ch’èn previs en questa lescha.
3 In contract matrimonial ch’è vegnì fatg suenter maridar na dastga betg periclitar la responsabladad vertenta da la facultad vers terzas persunas.
II. Abilitad da far in contract
1 Per far, per midar e per annullar in contract matrimonial ston las parts contrahentas avair l’abilitad da giuditgar.
2 Sch’ellas èn minorennas u avugadadas, dovri il consentiment da lur represchentanza legala.
III. Furma dal contract
1 Per far, per midar e per annullar en moda valaivla in contract matrimonial dovri ina documentaziun publica sco er la suttascripziun da las persunas contrahentas e da lur represchentanzas legalas.
2 Contracts matrimonials che vegnan fatgs durant la lètg basegnan ultra da quai il consentiment da l’autoritad tutelara.
3 Il contract matrimonial entra en vigur vers terzas persunas tenor las prescripziuns davart il register dals bains matrimonials.
C. Urden extraordinari dals bains
I. Separaziun legala dals bains
1 Sch’ils crediturs han gì perditas tar il concurs d’in consort, vegn ina separaziun dals bains fatga tenor la lescha.
2 Sch’i èn avant maun – il mument ch’ils spus maridan – crediturs, che possedan attests da perdita, pon ils spus constituir la separaziun dals bains cun laschar registrar quest urden dals bains en il register dals bains matrimonials avant la maridaglia.
II. Separaziun giudiziala dals bains
1. Sin dumonda da la consorta
Il derschader sto ordinar la separaziun dals bains sin dumonda da la consorta, sche:
2. Sin dumonda dal consort
Il derschader sto ordinar la separaziun dals bains sin dumonda dal consort, sche:
3. Sin dumonda dals crediturs
Il derschader sto ordinar la separaziun dals bains sin dumonda d’in creditur, sche quel ha gì ina perdita tras la scussiun sin impegnaziun ch’è vegnida fatga cunter in consort.
III. Cumenzament da la separaziun dals bains
1 La separaziun dals bains pervia da concurs cumenza il mument ch’ils attests da perdita vegnan emess; en quai che concerna la facultad ch’ils consorts han acquistà tras ierta u en in’autra moda e maniera dapi l’avertura dal concurs ha ella dentant pir effect a partir dal mument da l’acquist.
2 La separaziun giudiziala dals bains cumenza il mument che la dumonda vegn fatga.
3 En cas d’in concurs u d’ina sentenzia giudiziala vegn la separaziun dals bains annunziada d’uffizi al register dals bains matrimonials per vegnir inscritta.
IV. Annullaziun da la separaziun dals bains
1 La separaziun dals bains ch’è entrada pervia d’in concurs u ch’è vegnida ordinada pervia d’ina perdita tras scussiun sin impegnaziun na vegn betg abolida mo cun cuntentar ils crediturs.
2 Sin dumonda d’in consort po il derschader ordinar che l’urden dals bains vegl vegnia restabilì.
3 Il restabiliment sto vegnir annunzià d’uffizi per l’inscripziun en il register dals bains matrimonials.
D. Midada da l’urden dals bains
I. Responsabladad
1 Cun liquidar ils bains matrimonials tranter ils consorts u cun midar l’urden dals bains na dastgan ils crediturs d’in consort u da la cuminanza conjugala betg vegnir restrenschids en lur dretg da vegnir indemnisads or da la facultad dal consort u da la cuminanza conjugala.
2 Sch’ina tala facultad è passada en proprietad d’in consort, sto quel pajar ils debits. El po però sa deliberar da questa obligaziun, sch’el cumprova che la facultad obtegnida na basta betg per pajar quests debits.
3 La summa che la consorta survegn or dal concurs dal consort u or da l’impegnaziun adesiva, resta privada dals crediturs dal consort, nun che quels sajan er crediturs da la consorta.
II. Liquidaziun en cas da la separaziun dals bains
1 Sche la separaziun dals bains ha lieu durant la lètg, sa divida la facultad matrimoniala – cun resalva dals dretgs dals crediturs – en il bain propri da l’um ed en il bain propri da la dunna.
2 In avanzament vegn attribuì als consorts tenor l’urden dals bains vegl, ina diminuziun sto il consort surpigliar, nun ch’el cumprovia che la consorta haja chaschunà quella.
3 Sch’il consort salva la pussanza da disponer dal bain propri da la consorta durant la liquidaziun, sto el – sin dumonda da la consorta – prestar garanzias.
E. Bains reservads
I. Constituziun
1. En general
1 Il bain reservà vegn constituì tras in contract matrimonial, tras ina contribuziun da terzas persunas u tenor la lescha.
2 La part obligatorica ch’in consort survegn da ses parents tras ierta, n’al po betg vegnir attribuida sco bain reservà.
2. Tenor la lescha
Tenor la lescha èn bains reservads:
II. Effects
1 Il bain reservà suttastat per regla, ed en spezial en vista a l’obligaziun da la consorta da gidar a purtar ils custs da la lètg, a las reglas da la separaziun dals bains.
2 La consorta sto duvrar ses gudogn che deriva da la lavur – sche necessari – per ils basegns da la chasada.
III. Chargia da cumprova
Sch’in consort pretenda ch’ina valur da facultad appartegnia al bain reservà, sto el cumprovar quai.
A. Relaziuns da proprietad
I. Facultad matrimoniala
1 L’uniun dals bains reunescha tut las facultads, che appartegnan als consorts il mument da la maridaglia u che passan ad els durant la lètg, a la facultad matrimoniala.
2 Exceptads da quai è il bain reservà da la consorta.
II. Proprietad dal consort e da la consorta
1 La part da la facultad matrimoniala che tutga a la consorta il mument ch’ella marida u che passa gratuitamain ad ella durant la lètg per motiv d’ierta u en autra moda e maniera, è il bain ch’ella ha apportà en la lètg e resta en sia proprietad.
2 Il consort ha la proprietad dal bain ch’el ha apportà en la lètg e da tut las facultads matrimonialas che na tutgan betg tar il bain da la consorta.
3 Il gudogn da la consorta e dals fritgs natirals dal bain da la consorta daventa proprietad dal consort il mument da sia scadenza u da la separaziun, cun resalva da las disposiziuns davart ils bains reservads.
III. Cumprova
1 Sch’in consort pretenda ch’ina valur da facultad appartegnia al bain da la consorta, sto el cumprovar quai.
2 Sch’i vegnan fatgas acquisiziuns durant la lètg per remplazzar valurs da facultad da la consorta, vegni supponì che quellas tutgian tar il bain da la consorta.
IV. Inventari
1. Constituziun e forza da cumprova
1 Tant il consort sco er la consorta pon pretender da tut temp ch’i vegnia fatg in inventari public dals bains propris ch’els han apportà en la lètg.
2 Sch’in tal inventari vegn fatg entaifer 6 mais suenter ch’ils bains èn vegnids apportads, vegn quel supponì sco correct.
2. Impurtanza da la stimaziun
1 Sch’i vegn colliada ina stimaziun cun l’inventari e sche la stimaziun vegn fatga en in document public, vegn l’obligaziun vicendaivla dals consorts da cumpensar las valurs da facultad mancantas fixada tras questa stimaziun.
2 Sche objects èn vegnids alienads da buna fai durant la lètg per in pretsch pli bass che la valur da stimaziun, remplazza il retgav la summa da stimaziun.
V. Proprietad dal consort vi dal bain da la consorta
Tras la stimaziun po vegnir colliada – 6 mais suenter ch’il bain da la consorta è vegnì apportà – la disposiziun ch’il bain da la consorta passa en la proprietad dal consort per la summa da stimaziun e ch’il bain da la consorta na duai betg vegnir midà, resguardond las prescripziuns davart il contract matrimonial.
B. Administraziun, utilisaziun, e cumpetenza da disponer
I. Administraziun
1 Il consort administrescha la facultad matrimoniala.
2 El surpiglia ils custs da l’administraziun.
3 La consorta ha il dretg d’administrar la facultad matrimoniala, uschenavant ch’ella è autorisada da represchentar la cuminanza conjugala.
II. Utilisaziun
1 Il consort ha il dretg d’utilisar il bain che la consorta ha apportà en la lètg ed è responsabel per quel sco in giudider.
2 Questa responsabladad na vegn betg augmentada tras la stimaziun dal bain da la consorta en l’inventari.
3 Daner blut, autras chaussas ed auters titels al purtader remplazzabels ch’èn vegnids fixads mo tenor lur gener, passan a la proprietad dal consort; la consorta daventa creditura da las valurs.
III. Cumpetenza da disponer
1. Dal consort
1 Per disponer davart las valurs da facultad dal bain che la consorta ha apportà en la lètg e che n’è betg passà en la proprietad dal consort dovra quel il consentiment da la consorta, sch’i sa tracta da dapli che da l’administraziun usitada.
2 Terzas persunas dastgan dentant premetter quest consentiment, sch’ellas na san betg u na duessan betg savair ch’el manca, u sch’i na sa tracta betg da valurs da facultad che mintgin po enconuscher sco valurs che appartegnan a la consorta.
2. Da la consorta
a. En general
La consorta po disponer da la facultad matrimoniala, sche la represchentanza da la cuminanza conjugala giustifitgescha quai.
b. Refusa d’iertas
1 Per refusar ina ierta dovra la consorta il consentiment dal consort.
2 Sch’il consort refusa da dar ses consentiment, po la consorta recurrer a l’autoritad tutelara.
C. Garanzia dal bain da la consorta
1 Sin dumonda da la consorta è il consort obligà d’infurmar ella da tut temp davart il stadi dal bain ch’ella ha apportà en la lètg.
2 La consorta po pretender da tut temp ina garanzia.
3 Il plant da contestaziun tenor la Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 18891 davart scussiun e concurs resta resalvada.
1 SR 281.1
D. Responsabladad
I. Responsabladad dal consort
Il consort stat bun:
II. Responsabladad da la consorta
1. Cun l’entira facultad
1 La consorta stat buna cun sia entira facultad, senza prender resguard dals dretgs dal consort che derivan da l’urden dals bains:
2 Per ils debits ch’ella u che ses consort fa per la chasada cuminaivla stat ella buna, sch’il consort è insolvent.
2. Cun il bain reservà
1 Durant e suenter la lètg sto la consorta star buna mo cun la valur da ses bains reservads:
2 Resalvadas restan las pretensiuns che resultan tras enritgiment nungiustifitgà.
E. Pretensiuns d’indemnisaziun
I. Scadenza
1 Sch’ils debits, per ils quals il bain che la consorta ha apportà en la lètg stat bun, èn vegnids pajads cun il bain dal consort u sch’ils debits dal consort èn vegnids pajads cun il bain che la consorta ha apportà en la lètg, exista ina pretensiun d’indemnisaziun che sto dentant vegnir pajada pir, cur che l’uniun dals bains vegn annullada, cun resalva da las excepziuns legalas.
2 Sche debits che derivan dal bain reservà da la consorta vegnan pajads cun la facultad matrimoniala u sche debits, per ils quals la facultad matrimoniala stat buna, vegnan pajads cun il bain reservà, po la gulivaziun vegnir pretendida gia durant la lètg.
II. Concurs dal consort ed impegnaziun
1. Dretg da la consorta
1 La consorta po far valair sias pretensiuns d’indemnisaziun per il bain ch’ella ha apportà en la lètg e che n’exista betg pli tar il concurs e tar l’impegnaziun da las valurs da facultad dal consort.
2 Las cuntrapretensiuns dal consort vegnan deducidas.
3 Las valurs da facultad ch’èn anc avant maun po la consorta surpigliar sco proprietaria.
2. Privilegi
1 Sch’il bain che la consorta ha apportà en la lètg na vegn betg cuvrì per la mesadad, en cas ch’ella surpiglia sia proprietad e ch’ella survegn garanzias, vegn la pretensiun d’indemnisaziun per il rest da questa mesadad privilegiada tenor la Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 18891 davart scussiun e concurs.
2 La cessiun dal privilegi sco er la renunzia al privilegi a favur da singuls crediturs èn nunvalaivlas.
1 SR 281.1
F. Dissoluziun da la facultad matrimoniala
I. Mort da la consorta
1 Sche la consorta mora, croda il bain ch’ella ha apportà en la lètg a ses ertavels, cun resalva da las pretensiuns dal dretg d’ierta dal consort.
2 Quai che manca sto il consort indemnisar, sch’el è responsabel, cun metter a quint sias pretensiuns a la consorta.
II. Mort dal consort
Sch’il consort mora, prenda la consorta enavos il bain ch’ella ha apportà en la lètg e ch’è anc avant maun; ella po far valair cunter ils ertavels la pretensiun d’indemnisaziun per las parts che mancan.
III. Avanzament e diminuziun
1 Sch’i resulta in avanzament suenter la determinaziun dal bain dal consort e da la consorta, tutga el per in terz a la consorta u a ses ertavels ed il rest al consort u a ses ertavels.
2 Sche la facultad matrimoniala vegn diminuida, surpiglian il consort u ses ertavels la diminuziun, nun ch’i vegnia cumprovà che la consorta haja chaschunà quella.
3 Tras in contract matrimonial poi vegnir fixada in’autra participaziun a l’avanzament u a la diminuziun.
A. Cuminanza generala dals bains
I. Facultad matrimoniala
1 La cuminanza generala dals bains unescha la facultad e las entradas dal consort e da la consorta en in unic bain cuminaivel; quel appartegna nundivididamain e cumplettamain a tuts dus consorts.
2 Ni il consort ni la consorta na po disponer da sia part dal bain cuminaivel.
3 Sch’in consort pretenda ch’ina valur da facultad n’appartegnia betg al bain cuminaivel, sto el cumprovar quai.
II. Administraziun e cumpetenza da disponer
1. Administraziun
1 Il consort administrescha il bain cuminaivel.
2 Ils custs da l’administraziun van a quint dal bain cuminaivel.
3 La consorta ha il dretg d’administrar il bain cuminaivel, uschenavant ch’ella è autorisada da represchentar la cuminanza conjugala.
2. Cumpetenza da disponer
a. Disposiziun dal bain cuminaivel
1 Per disponer da las valurs da facultad dal bain cuminaivel dovri ina decleraziun dals dus consorts u il consentiment d’in consort als acts da disposiziun da l’auter, nun ch’i sa tractia da l’administraziun ordinaria.
2 Terzas persunas dastgan dentant premetter quest consentiment, sch’ellas na san betg u na duessan betg savair ch’el manca, u sch’i na sa tracta betg da valurs da facultad che mintgin po enconuscher sco valurs che appartegnan al bain cuminaivel.
b. Refusa d’iertas
1 Per refusar iertas dovra in consort durant la lètg il consentiment da l’auter.
2 Sche ses consentiment è vegnì refusà, po el recurrer a l’autoritad tutelara.
III. Responsabladad
1. Debits dal consort
Il consort stat bun persunalmain e cun il bain cuminaivel:
2. Debits da la consorta
a. Da la consorta e dal bain cuminaivel
1 Ultra dal bain cuminaivel stat la consorta buna persunalmain:
2 Per ils debits ch’ella u che ses consort fa per la chasada cuminaivla stat ella buna, sch’il bain cuminaivel na basta betg.
3 Per ils auters debits dal bain cuminaivel na stat ella betg buna persunalmain.
b. Dals bains reservads da la consorta
1 Durant e suenter la lètg sto la consorta star buna mo cun la valur da ses bains reservads:
2 Resalvadas restan las pretensiuns che resultan tras enritgiment nungiustifitgà.
3. Execuziun sfurzada
Durant la cuminanza dals bains sa drizza l’execuziun sfurzada per ils debits, per ils quals il bain cuminaivel stat bun, cunter il consort.
IV. Pretensiuns d’indemnisaziun
1. En general
1 Sche debits, per ils quals il bain cuminaivel stat bun, vegnan pajads or dal bain cuminaivel, na resultan naginas pretensiuns d’indemnisaziun tranter ils consorts.
2 Sche debits cuminaivels vegnan pajads or dals bains reservads u sche debits dals bains reservads vegnan pajads or dal bain cuminaivel, resulta ina pretensiun d’indemnisaziun che po vegnir fatga valair gia durant la lètg.
2. Bain da la consorta
1 En il concurs dal consort ed en cas d’ina impegnaziun da valurs da facultad dal bain cuminaivel po la consorta far valair ina pretensiun per ses bain appurtà; per la mesadad da questa pretensiun giauda ella in privilegi tenor la Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 18891 davart scussiun e concurs.
2 La cessiun dal privilegi sco er la renunzia al privilegi a favur da singuls crediturs èn nunvalaivlas.
1 SR 281.1.
V. Dissoluziun da la facultad matrimoniala
1. Grondezza da las parts
a. Tenor lescha
1 Sch’in consort mora, va ina mesadad dal bain cuminaivel al consort survivent.
2 L’autra mesadad va als ertavels dal defunct, cun resalva da las pretensiuns dal dretg d’ierta dal survivent.
3 Sch’il consort survivent n’è betg degn d’ertar, na po el pretender en nagin cas dapli or da la cuminanza dals bains che quai ch’el survegniss en cas da divorzi.
b. Tenor contract
1 Empè da la partiziun mez a mez poi vegnir fixada in’autra partiziun en in contract matrimonial.
2 Ils descendents dal consort defunct han dentant en mintga cas il dretg sin in quart da la facultad totala ch’è avant maun il mument da sia mort.
2. Responsabladad dal survivent
1 Il consort survivent resta persunalmain responsabel per tut ils debits dal bain cuminaivel.
2 La consorta surviventa sa deliberescha – refusond sia part da l’ierta – da mintga responsabladad per ils debits dal bain cuminaivel che n’èn betg a medem temp ses debits persunals.
3 Sch’ella surpiglia sia part da l’ierta, è ella responsabla; ella po dentant sa deliberar da questa responsabladad, uschenavant ch’ella po cumprovar ch’ils bains surpigliads na bastan betg per pajar il debit.
3. Imputaziun dals apports
Tar la partiziun po il consort survivent pretender che las valurs da facultad ch’el ha appurtà vegnian surlaschadas ad el, imputond quellas a sia part.
B. Cuntinuaziun da la cuminanza dals bains
I. Premissa
1 Il consort survivent po cuntinuar la cuminanza dals bains cun ils uffants cuminaivels.
2 Sch’ils uffants èn minorens, dovri il consentiment da l’autoritad tutelara per quest intent.
3 Sche la cuminanza dals bains vegn cuntinuada, na pon vegnir fatgas valair naginas pretensiuns dal dretg d’ierta, fin che la cuminanza dals bains è terminada.
II. Dimensiun
1 La cuminanza dals bains cuntinuada cumpiglia – ultra da la facultad matrimoniala vertenta – las entradas e l’acquist dals participads, cun excepziun dals bains reservads.
2 Quai che pervegn als uffants u al consort durant questa cuminanza en consequenza da la successiun d’ierta u en in’autra moda gratuita, daventa lur bain reservà, nun che quai saja disponì autramain.
3 L’execuziun sfurzada è limitada tranter ils participads da medema maniera sco tranter ils consorts.
III. Administraziun e represchentanza
1 Sch’ils uffants èn minorens, ha il consort survivent d’administrar e da represchentar la cuminanza dals bains cuntinuada.
2 Sch’els èn maiorens, poi vegnir fixà insatge auter en ina cunvegna.
IV. Schliaziun
1. Tras decleraziun
1 Il consort survivent po abolir da tut temp la cuminanza dals bains cuntinuada.
2 Ils uffants maiorens pon extrar da tut temp individualmain u cuminaivlamain da la cuminanza.
3 Per uffants minorens po l’autoritad tutelara declerar l’extrada.
2. Tenor la lescha
1 La cuminanza dals bains cuntinuada vegn abolida tenor la lescha:
2 Sche mo in dals uffants fa concurs, pon ils ulteriurs participads pretender l’exclusiun da quest uffant.
3 Sch’il bab fa concurs sco er sche valurs da facultad dal bain cuminaivel vegnan impegnadas, remplazzan ils uffants la mamma defuncta.
3. Tras sentenzia
1 Sch’in creditur ha subì ina perdita en la scussiun sin impegnaziun fatga cunter in dals uffants, po el pretender dal derschader che la cuminanza dals bains vegnia abolida.
2 Sche questa aboliziun vegn pretendida dal creditur d’in uffant, pon ils ulteriurs participads pretender l’exclusiun da quest uffant.
4. Tras maridaglia u tras mort d’in uffant
1 Sch’in uffant marida, pon ils ulteriurs participads pretender l’exclusiun da quest uffant.
2 Sch’in uffant mora, laschond enavos descendents, pon ils ulteriurs participads pretender l’exclusiun da quests descendents.
3 Sch’in uffant mora, senza laschar enavos descendents, resta sia part tar il bain cuminaivel, cun resalva dals dretgs d’ertavels che na fan betg part da la cuminanza.
5. Moda da parter
1 Sche la cuminanza dals bains cuntinuada vegn schliada u sch’in uffant vegn exclus, ha la partiziun u l’indemnisaziun lieu tenor la situaziun da la facultad ch’è avant maun quest mument.
2 Il consort mantegna las pretensiuns da dretg d’ierta sin las parts che pervegnan als singuls uffants.
3 La liquidaziun na dastga betg vegnir fatga da temp maladattà.
C. Cuminanza dals bains limitada
I. Cun separaziun dals bains
1 Tras in contract matrimonial pon ils consorts fixar ina cuminanza dals bains limitada, excludend da la cuminanza singulas valurs da facultad u tschertas spezias da bains, sco en spezial las immobiglias.
2 Las valurs da facultad exclusas èn suttamessas a las reglas da la separaziun dals bains.
II. Cun uniun dals bains
1 Tras in contract matrimonial po il bain da la consorta ch’è exclus da la cuminanza vegnir suttamess a las reglas da l’uniun dals bains.
2 Ina tala cunvegna vegn presumada, sche la consorta ha surlaschà al consort l’administraziun e l’utilisaziun da questa facultad tras il contract matrimonial.
III. Cuminanza d’acquist
1. Dimensiun
1 Tras in contract matrimonial po la cuminanza dals bains vegnir limitada a l’acquist.
2 Quai ch’è vegnì acquistà durant la lètg, senza quai ch’è vegnì acquistà per remplazzar valurs da facultad appurtadas, furma l’acquist ed è suttamess a las reglas da la cuminanza dals bains.
3 La facultad appurtada dals consorts al cumenzament e durant la lètg è suttamessa a las reglas da l’uniun dals bains.
2. Participaziun a l’avanzament u a la diminuziun
1 In avanzament ch’è avant maun, cur che la cuminanza vegn abolida, vegn partì mez a mez tranter ils consorts u lur ertavels.
2 Ina diminuziun vegn surpigliada dal consort u da ses ertavels, nun ch’i vegnia cumprovà ch’ella è vegnida chaschunada da la consorta.
3 Tras in contract matrimonial poi vegnir fixada in’autra participaziun a l’avanzament u a la diminuziun.
A. Dimensiun
1 La separaziun dals bains che vegn constituida tenor la lescha u tras ina sentenzia giudiziala sa referescha a l’entira facultad da tuts dus consorts.
2 Sch’ella vegn constituida tras in contract matrimonial, sa referescha ella a l’entira facultad, nun ch’il contract cuntegnia excepziuns spezialas.
B. Proprietad, administraziun ed utilisaziun
1 Mintga consort mantegna la proprietad vi da sia facultad sco er l’administraziun e l’utilisaziun da tala.
2 Sche la consorta ha surdà l’administraziun al consort, vegni presumà ch’el n’haja betg da dar quint ad ella durant la lètg e ch’el dastgia utilisar las entradas or da la facultad transferida sco contribuziun per las grevezzas matrimonialas.
3 La consorta na po betg renunziar valaivlamain a ses dretg da puspè surpigliar da tut temp l’administraziun.
C. Responsabladad
I. En general
1 Il consort stat bun persunalmain per ses debits d’avant la lètg sco er per ils debits che vegnan fatgs durant la lètg dad el ubain da la consorta, represchentond ella la cuminanza conjugala.
2 La consorta stat buna persunalmain per ses debits d’avant la lètg sco er per ses debits che resultan durant la lètg.
3 Per ils debits che vegnan fatgs dal consort u da la consorta per la chasada cuminaivla stat la consorta buna en cas d’insolvenza dal consort.
II. Concurs dal consort ed impegnaziun
1 En il concurs dal consort ed en cas d’impegnaziun da valurs da facultad dal consort n’ha la consorta nagin privilegi, er betg sch’ella ha surdà al consort l’administraziun da sia facultad.
2 Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart la taglia matrimoniala.
D. Entradas ed acquist
Las entradas e l’acquist appartegnan a quel consort che las ha procurà tras sia facultad u tras sia lavur.
E. Purtar las grevezzas matrimonialas
1 Il consort po pretender che la consorta al prestia ina contribuziun adequata per purtar las grevezzas matrimonialas.
2 Sch’ils consorts n’arrivan betg da sa cunvegnir davart l’autezza da la contribuziun, vegn quella fixada da l’autoritad cumpetenta sin giavisch dad in dad els.
3 Il consort na sto betg indemnisar las prestaziuns da la consorta.
F. Taglia matrimoniala
1 Il contract matrimonial po fixar ina summa dal bain da la consorta, che la consorta attribuescha sco taglia matrimoniala al consort per purtar las grevezzas matrimonialas.
2 Quai che la consorta surlascha da tala maniera al consort, è suttamess a las reglas da l’uniun dals bains, nun che quai saja vegnì reglà autramain.
A. Vigur legala
1 Ils contracts matrimonials e las disposiziuns giudizialas che concernan il dretg dals bains sco er ils acts giuridics tranter consorts concernent il bain appurtà da la consorta u il bain cuminaivel, ston vegnir inscrits en il register dals bains matrimonials e vegnir publitgads, per ch’i entrian en vigur vers terzas persunas.
2 Ils ertavels dal consort defunct na vegnan betg considerads sco terzas persunas.
B. Inscripziun
I. Object
1 Inscrittas vegnan las disposiziuns che duain avair in effect vers terzas persunas.
2 L’inscripziun vegn fatga sin giavisch d’in dals consorts, nun che la lescha disponia autramain u ch’il contract matrimonial n’excludia betg expressivamain l’inscripziun.
II. Lieu
1 L’inscripziun vegn fatga en il register dal domicil dal consort.
2 Sch’il consort transferescha ses domicil en in auter district da register, sto l’inscripziun vegnir fatga entaifer 3 mais er al nov domicil.
3 L’inscripziun en il register dal domicil anteriur perda ses effect giuridic suenter 3 mais, quintà a partir da la midada dal domicil.
IV. Corrections1
1 Unless the interested parties consent in writing, the land registrar may correct the register only in accordance with a court order.
2 Instead of correcting an unwarranted entry, the registrar may delete it and make a new one.
3 The land registrar may correct typographical errors of his or her own accord in accordance with regulations to be issued by the Federal Council.
1 Amended by No I 1 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
1 Inserted by No II of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).2 Amended by No I 1 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
A. General provisions
I. General rule of non-retroactive effect
1 When this Code comes into force, the legal effects of circumstances which occurred previously remain subject to those provisions of federal or cantonal law which were applicable when the circumstances occurred.
2 Accordingly, the legally binding nature and consequences of acts which took place before the commencement hereof remain subject to the law which was applicable at the time.
3 However, circumstances occurring after the commencement hereof are subject to the new law, unless this Code provides otherwise.
II. Retroactive effect
1. Public policy and good morals
1 The provisions of this Code specifically enacted in the interests of public policy and good morals apply when it comes into force to all circumstances, unless this Code provides otherwise.
2 Accordingly, provisions of the previous law which under the new law are deemed to contravene public policy and good morals cease to apply when the new law comes into force.
2. Relationships defined by law
When this Code comes into force, legal relationships whose content is defined by law irrespective of the will of the parties concerned are subject to the new law, even if previously such relationships were valid.
3. Non-vested rights
The legal effects of circumstances which occurred while the previous law was still in force and which enjoy no protection under the new law are subject to the latter once it has come into force.
B. Law of persons
I. Capacity to act
1 Capacity to act shall be assessed in all cases in accordance with the provisions of this Code.
2 However, any person who has the capacity to act under the previous law when this Code comes into force but who would not have the capacity to act under the new law will also be recognised as having the capacity to act when this Code comes into force.
IV. Protection of the individual against violence, threats or stalking
The new law applies to proceedings that are already pending when the amendment of 14 December 2018 comes into force.
1 Inserted by No I of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection given to Victims of Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).
5. Conversion of existing pensions
1 If on divorce under the previous law the court, when deciding on the equitable division of pensions, has awarded compensation to the entitled spouse in the form of a pension that terminates on the death of the liable or the entitled spouse, the entitled spouse may, within one year of the amendment of 19 June 2015 coming into force, demand that he or she be granted a life-long pension in accordance with Article 124a instead, should the liable spouse draw an old-age pension or an invalidity pension after the commencement of the statutory pension age.
2 In the case of decisions made abroad, jurisdiction is determined by Article 64 of the Federal Act of 18 December 19872 on International Private Law.
3 Any pension payments already made under previous law are considered part of the pension awarded.
1 Inserted by No I of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).
2 SR 291
3. Citizenship
A Swiss woman who married under the previous law may within one year of the new law coming into force declare to the competent authority of her former canton of origin that she wishes to retain the citizenship that she held as a single woman.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, in force since 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
4. Retention of separation of property by operation of law or by court order
In the case of a separation of property established by operation of the law or by court order, the spouses are subject to the new provisions on the separation of property.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, in force since 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
f. Register of marital property
1 After the Federal Act of 5 October 1984 comes into force, no further entries will be made in the register of marital property.
2 The right to inspect the register continues to apply.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, in force since 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
7. Protection of creditors
If the marital property rights change when the Federal Act of 5 October 1984 comes into force, the provisions on the protection the creditors in the event of a change in the marital property regime govern liability.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, in force since 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
IIIter. Contesting a declaration of legitimacy
The contesting of a declaration of legitimacy made under the previous law is governed by analogy by the provisions of the new laws on the contesting of recognition following the parents' marriage.
1 Inserted by No I 1 of the FA of 25 June 1976, in force since 1 Jan. 1978 (AS 1977 237; BBl 1974 II 1).
IVquater. Name of the child
1 If after the amendment to this Code of 30 September 2011 comes into force the parents on the basis of a declaration under Article 8a of this Title no longer have the same surname, they may declare within one year of the new law coming into force that their children will take the surname before marriage of the parent who made the declaration.
2 If the parental responsibility of a child of parents who are not married to each other is transferred to both parents or the father alone before the amendment to this Code of 30 September 2011 comes into force, the declaration provided for in Article 270a paragraphs 2 and 3 may be made within one year of the new law coming into force.
3 In accordance with Article 270b, this shall be subject to the child's consent.
1 Inserted by No I of the FA of 30 Sept. 2011 (Name and Citizenship), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2012 2569; BBl 2009 7573 7581).
2. Pending proceedings
1 Pending proceedings shall be continued by the new competent authority after the Amendment of 19 December 20082 comes into force.
2 The new procedural law applies.
3 The authority shall decide whether and to what extent the previous proceedings require to be amended.
1 Inserted by No II of the FA of 6 Oct. 1978 (AS 1980 31; BBl 1977 III 1). Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
2AS 2011 725
D. Succession law
I. Heirs and succession
1 The succession rights and the related and inseparable effects on marital property under cantonal law of the death of a father, a mother or a spouse are determined, provided the deceased dies before this Code comes into force, by the previous law.
2 The foregoing applies both to heirs and to succession.
II. Testamentary dispositions
1 The making or revocation of a testamentary disposition carried out before this Code comes into force, if done by a person subsequently deceased who had testamentary capacity under the law that applied at the time, may not be contested on the grounds that the deceased died following the commencement of the new law and would not have had testamentary capacity under its provisions.
2 A testamentary disposition may not be contested due to a formal defect if it complies with the provisions on form that applied when it was made or at the time of death.
3 The contesting of a disposition on the grounds that the testator exceeded his or her testamentary freedom or due to the nature of the disposition is governed in the case of all testamentary dispositions by the provisions of the new law if the deceased died after the commencement of this Code.
E. Property law
I. Rights in rem in general
1 Rights in rem existing when this Code comes into force continue to be recognised under the new law subject to the reservation of the regulations on the land register.
2 However, the scope of rights of ownership and restricted rights in rem is subject to the new law after this Code comes into force unless the Code provides otherwise.
3 Rights that can no longer be created under the new law remain subject to the previous law.
II. Right to entry in the land register
1 Rights to create a right in rem that were established before this Code comes into force are recognised as valid provided they correspond to the form required by the former or the new law.
2 The ordinance on maintaining the land register determines what documentary proof is required for the registration of such rights.
3 The scope of a right in rem established before this Code comes into force by a legal transaction remains recognised under the new law, provided it is compatible with the same.
III. Adverse possession
1 Adverse possession is governed by the new law after this Code comes into force.
2 If however adverse possession recognised under the new law has begun under the previous law, the time that elapsed before this Code comes into force is taken into account in the calculating the period of adverse possession.
c. Correction of the land registers
In order to make the converted condominium subject to the new regulations and to register existing condominium, the cantons may order the correction of the land registers and issue special procedural regulations for this purpose.
1 Inserted by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
V. Easements
1 The easements created before this Code comes into force remain valid following the introduction of the land register even if not registered, but until registered may not be enforced against third parties acting in good faith.
2 Obligations ancillary to easements that were established before the amendment of 11 December 20091 came into force and which are based solely on land register supporting documents may continue to be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
VI. Mortgage rights
1. Recognition of the existing document of title
1 Documents of title existing when this Code comes into force remain in force without having to be adapted to the new law.
2 The cantons have the right to require new versions of existing documents of title to be drawn up on the basis of the new law within specific time limits.
2. Creation of liens
1 After this Code comes into force, new mortgage rights may only be created in the forms recognised herein.
2 Until the introduction of the land register, the previous cantonal legal forms for their creation remain valid.
3. Repayment of securities
1 The repayment and modification the title, release from liability under a lien and suchlike are subject to the new provisions following the commencement of the new law.
2 However, until the introduction of the land register, the forms are governed by cantonal law.
4. Extent of liability under the lien
1 In the case of all mortgage rights, the extent of liability under the lien is determined by the new law.
2 However, if by virtue of a special agreement the creditor has validly received certain objects with the property pledged, the lien continues to apply to these objects even if they could not be pledged under the new law.
5. Rights and obligations from the mortgage
a. In general
1 The rights and obligations of the creditor and of the debtor in relation to the contractual effect of liens existing when this Code comes into force are governed by the previous law.
2 In relation to effects that arise by operation of the law which cannot be modified contractually, the new law also applies to existing liens.
3 If the lien applies to two or more parcels of land, liability under the lien continues to be governed by the previous law.
b. Rights to security
The rights of the lien creditor during the existing legal relationship, such as rights to security, and the rights of the debtor are governed by the new law in relation to all liens from the time at which this Code comes into force.
c. Termination, transfer
For liens existing when this Code comes into force, the termination of the secured debts and the transfer the document of title are governed by the previous law, subject to the reservation of the mandatory provisions of the new law.
6. Ranking
1 Until the introduction of the land register, the ranking of liens is governed by the previous law.
2 Following the introduction of the land register, the ranking of creditors is governed by the land register law contained in this Code.
7. Ranking positions
1 In relation to a fixed ranking position or the right of a creditor to claim a vacant position or an advancement in ranking, the new law applies on the introduction of the land register and in every case from five years after this Code comes into force, subject to the reservation of creditors' existing special claims.
2 The cantons may enact further transitional provisions.1
1 Amended by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on the Approval of Cantonal Legislation by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
8. ...
1 Repealed by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), with effect from 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
11. Conversion the form of the mortgage certificate
The landowner and the mortgage certificate creditors may jointly request in writing that a mortgage certificate on paper recorded before the amendment of 11 December 20092 comes into force be converted into a register mortgage certificate.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2AS 2011 4637
VII. Charges on chattels
1. Provisions on form
1 From the date on which the Code comes into force, charges on chattels may only be created in the forms provided for herein.
2 Where a charge on chattels has been created in another form before this time, it is extinguished after a period of six months which begins to run if the debt is due for payment from the date on which the new law comes into force and in other cases from the date on which it becomes due for payment or when termination is permitted.
2. Effect
1 The effects of the charge on chattels, the rights and obligations of the pledgee, of the pledger and of the pledge debtor are governed from the date on which this Code comes into force by the new law, even if the charge was created before that date.
2 An agreement stipulating that the pledged chattel will become the property of the pledgee in the event of default on the part of the debtor that is concluded before this Code comes into force ceases to be valid from that date.
VIII. Special lien
1 A special lien under this Code also extends to objects that were subject to the power of disposal of the creditor before this Code comes into force.
2 It may also be exercised by the creditors in respect of claims that originated before this date.
3 The effect of special liens originating at an earlier date is subject to the provisions of this Code.
IX. Possession
When this Code comes into force, possession becomes subject to the new law.
X. Land register
1. Establishment of the land register
1 After consulting the cantons, the Federal Council shall draw up a plan for the introduction of the land register. It may delegate this responsibility to the competent department or office.1
1 Amended by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Official cadastral survey
a. ...
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817)
b. Relation to the land register
1 As a general rule, the surveying should precede the establishment of the land register.
2 With consent of the Confederation, however, the land register may be established beforehand if adequate descriptions of the properties are available.
c. Time schedule
2 The surveying and the introduction of the land register may be carried out successively for the individual districts of a canton.
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Registration of rights in rem
a. Procedure
1 On the introduction of the land register, rights in rem that already exist shall be recorded in the register.
2 For this purpose, an announcement must be made to the public requesting them to give notice of and register these rights.
3 Rights in rem registered under the previous law in public books shall, provided they may be created under the new law, be entered ex officio in the land register.
b. Consequences of non-registration
1 Rights in rem under the previous law that are not registered remain valid but may not be cited in opposition to third parties who rely in good faith on the land register.
2 The Confederation or the cantons may however enact legislation to have all rights in rem that are not recorded in the land register declared invalid after a specific date subject to prior notice.
3 Unregistered public law real burdens and statutory liens under cantonal law created before the amendment of 11 December 20091 comes into force may for a period of ten years from the date on which the amendment comes into force be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
4. Abolished rights
1 Rights in rem that may no longer be established under the land register law such as the ownership of trees on another person's land, liens on usufructs and suchlike are not recorded in the land register but must be noted in an appropriate manner.
2 If such rights have lapsed for whatever reason, they may not be re-established.
1 Amended by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Postponement in the introduction of the land register
1 The introduction of the land register in accordance with the provisions of this Code may be postponed by the cantons with the authorisation of the Federal Council provided the cantonal provisions on forms of notice, with or without amendments appear to be sufficient to guarantee the effects that the new law requires of the land register.
2 The forms of notice under cantonal law that are intended to guarantee the effects required by the new law must be precisely specified.
6. Introduction of the property law before the land register
The property law under this Code in general comes into force even if the land registers have not been established.
7. Effect of cantonal forms
1 When the property law comes into force and before the introduction of the land register, the cantons may designate the procedures, such those for drawing up documents or registration in the registers for land, liens and servitudes, that will immediately have the effect of being recorded in the land register.
2 Even without or before the introduction of the land register, it may be provided that these procedures have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in the case of the creation, transfer, modification and extinction of rights in rem.
3 However, in the event that the land register itself is not introduced or another equivalent institution established, these procedures do not have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in relation to third parties relying thereon in good faith.
F. Prescription
1 Where the new law specifies a longer period than the previous law, the new law applies, provided prescription has not yet taken effect under the previous law.
2 Where the new law specifies a shorter period, the previous law applies.
3 The entry into force of the new law does not change the date on which an ongoing prescriptive period began, unless the law provides otherwise.
4 Otherwise, the new law governs prescription from the time it comes into force.
1 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 15 June 2018 (Revision of the Law on Prescription), in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
A. Repeal of cantonal civil law
On commencement of the Civil Code, cantonal civil law provisions are repealed unless federal law provides otherwise.
B. Supplementary cantonal provisions
I. Rights and duties of the cantons
1 The cantons shall enact the provisions required to supplement the Civil Code, including in particular those governing the competent authorities1 and the establishment of civil registries, guardianship authorities and land registries.
2 The cantons shall enact any such supplementary provisions as are required to implement the Civil Code and may do so provisionally in the form of ordinances.2
3 Cantonal provisions on register law require federal approval.3
4 Notice of cantonal provisions on other matters must be given to the Federal Office of Justice.4
1 Presently the Adult protection authority (see Art. 440).
2 Amended by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
3 Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
4 Inserted by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333). Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
II. Substitute ordinances
1 Where a canton has failed to enact the necessary provisions in time, the Federal Council shall provisionally enact substitute ordinances and notify the Federal Assembly.
2 Where a canton refrains from exercising its powers in respect of matters for which supplementary legislation is not indispensable, the provisions of the Civil Code remain applicable.
C. Designation of competent authorities
1 Where the Civil Code makes reference to a competent authority, the cantons shall designate such authority, be it existing or yet to be created.
2 Where the Civil Code does not make express reference to a court or an administrative authority, the cantons may designate either as the competent authority.
3 Unless the Civil Procedure Code of 19 December 20081 applies, the cantons regulate proceedings.2
1 SR 272
2 Amended by Annex 1 No II 3 of the Civil Procedure Code of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221).
II. Electronic copies and legalisations
1 The cantons may authorise the authenticating officials to make electronic copies of the public deeds that they issue.
2 They may also authorise the authenticating officials to certify electronically that the electronic copies that they create correspond to the original documents on paper and that the signatures are genuine.
3 The authenticating official must use a qualified electronic signature based on a qualified certificate from a recognised provider of certification services in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 20162 on Electronic Signatures.3
4 The Federal Council shall issue implementing provisions that guarantee the interoperability of computer systems and the integrity, authenticity and security of the data.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2 SR 943.03
3 Amended by Annex No II 3 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).
E. Allocation of water rights
Until such time as federal law regulates the allocation of water rights, the following provision applies:
Rights to public waters may be recorded in the land register as distinct and permanent rights, provided they have been granted for at least 30 years or indefinitely and are not allocated to a dominant property in the form of an easement.
F.–H. ...
1 Repealed by Art. 53 para. 1 item b of the FA of 8 Nov. 1934 on Banks and Savings Banks, with effect from 1 March 1935 (AS 51 117; BS 10 337; BBl 1934 I 171).
J. Debt enforcement and bankruptcy
When this Code comes into force, the Federal Act of 11 April 18892 on Debt enforcement and Bankruptcy is amended as follows:
...3
1 Last four articles renumbered owing to revocation of the original Art. 58 and 59, in accordance with No I of the Code of Obligations transitional provisions, in force since 1 Jan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BS 2 199; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 SR 281.1
3 For text, see the federal act referred to. For the wording of Art. 132bis, 141 para. 3 and 258 para. 4, see AS 24 233 Final Title Art. 60.
K. Application of Swiss and foreign law
1 The Federal Act of 25 June 18912 on the Civil Law Status of Immigrants and Temporary Residents remains in force in respect of the legal status of Swiss nationals abroad and of foreigners in Switzerland and insofar as different laws apply in the cantons.
3 The following provisions are inserted in the Federal Act of 25 June 1891:
Art. 7a–7i
...
1 Last four articles renumbered owing to revocation of the original Art. 58 and 59, in accordance with No I of the Code of Obligations transitional provisions, in force since 1 Jan. 1912 (AS 27 317; BS 2 199; BBl 1905 II 1, 1909 III 725, 1911 I 845).
2 [BS 2 737; AS 1972 2819 II 1, 1977 237 II 1, 1986 122 II 1. AS 1988 1776 Annex No I para. a]. See current IPLA of 18 Dec. 1987 (SR 291).
3 Repealed by No I 2 of the FA of 5 Oct. 1984, with effect from 1 Jan. 1988 (AS 1986 122 153 Art. 1; BBl 1979 II 1191).
L. Repeal of federal civil law
1 When this Code comes into force, any provisions of federal civil law which contradict it are repealed.
2 In particular, the following are repealed: the Federal Act of 24 December 18742 on the Determination and Documentation of Civil Status and Marriage; the Federal Act of 22 June 18813 on Personal Capacity to Act; the Federal Act of 14 June 18814 on the Code of Obligations.
3 The special acts concerning the railways, steamships, the post, telegraph and telephone services, the seizure and compulsory liquidation of railways, the laws relating to factory employment and liability arising from the operation of factories and other enterprises, and all federal laws on matters governed by the Code of Obligations which have been enacted to supplement the Federal Act of 14 June 1881 on the Code of Obligations, remain in force.
