Title Six: Marital Property Law

A. Application of the law Art. 1

I. Acting in good faith Art. 2

II. Good faith Art. 3

III. Judicial discretion Art. 4

I. Cantonal civil law and local custom Art. 5

II. Cantonal public law Art. 6

D. General provisions of the Code of Obligations Art. 7

I. Burden of proof Art. 8

II. Proof by public document Art. 9

Repealed Art. 10

I. Legal capacity Art. 11

1. Nature Art. 12

2. Requirements

a. In general Art. 13

b. Majority Art. 14

c. ... Art. 15

d. Capacity of judgement Art. 16

1. In general Art. 17

2. Lack of capacity of judgement Art. 18

3. Persons capable of judgement but lacking the capacity to act.

a. Principle Art. 19

b. Consent of the legal representative Art. 19a

c. Absence of consent Art. 19b

4. Strictly personal rights Art. 19c

III^bis. Restriction of the capacity to act Art. 19d

1. Blood kinship Art. 20

2. Kinship by marriage Art. 21

1. Origin Art. 22

2. Domicile

a. Definition Art. 23

b. Change of domicile, temporary residence Art. 24

c. Domicile of minors Art. 25

d. Persons in institutions Art. 26

I. Against excessive restriction Art. 27

1. Principle Art. 28

2. Actions

a. In general Art. 28a

b. Violence, threats or harassment Art. 28b

3. ... Art. 28c–28f

4. Right of reply

a. Principle Art. 28g

b. Form and content Art. 28h

c. Procedure Art. 28i

d. Publication Art. 28k

e. Recourse to the courts Art. 28l

1. Protection of one’s name Art. 29

2. Change of name

a. General Art. 30

b. On the death of a spouse Art. 30a

I. Birth and death Art. 31

1. Burden of proof Art. 32

2. Evidence

a. In general Art. 33

b. Presumption of death Art. 34

1. In general Art. 35

2. Procedure Art. 36

3. Failure of application Art. 37

4. Effect Art. 38

I. In general Art. 39

II. Duty to notify Art. 40

III. Proof of undisputed information Art. 41

1. By court order Art. 42

2. By the register authorities Art. 43

V. Data protection and disclosure Art. 43a

1. Civil registrars Art. 44

2. Supervisory authorities Art. 45

Ia. Central civil information system Art. 45a

II. Liability Art. 46

III. Disciplinary measures Art. 47

I. Federal law Art. 48

II. Cantonal law Art. 49

Repealed Art. 50 and 51

A. Legal personality Art. 52

B. Legal capacity Art. 53

I. Requirements Art. 54

II. Action on behalf of the legal entity Art. 55

D. Seat Art. 56

I. Application of assets Art. 57

II. Liquidation Art. 58

F. Reservation of public law and company law Art. 59

I. Corporate group of persons Art. 60

II. Entry in the commercial register Art. 61

III. Associations lacking legal personality Art. 62

IV. Relationship between articles of association and the law Art. 63

1. Function, convening of meetings Art. 64

2. Powers Art. 65

3. Resolutions

a. Form Art. 66

b. Voting rights and majority Art. 67

c. Exclusion from voting Art. 68

1. Rights and duties in general Art. 69

2. Accounting Art. 69a

III. Auditors Art. 69b

IV. Organisational defects Art. 69c

I. Admission, resignation Art. 70

II. Duty to pay subscriptions Art. 71

III. Exclusion Art. 72

IV. Status of former members Art. 73

V. Protection of the objects of the association Art. 74

VI. Protection of members Art. 75

C^bis. Liability Art. 75a

1. By resolution Art. 76

2. By operation of law Art. 77

3. By court order Art. 78

II. Deletion from the commercial register Art. 79

I. In general Art. 80

II. Form of establishment Art. 81

III. Challenge Art. 82

I. In general Art. 83

II. Bookkeeping Art. 83a

1. Duty of audit and applicable law Art. 83b

2. Supervisory authority Art. 83c

IV. Organisational defects Art. 83d

C. Supervision Art. 84

C^bis. Measures in the event of overindebtedness and insolvency Art. 84a

Art. 84b

I. Reorganisation Art. 85

1. Request by the supervisory authority or the board of trustees Art. 86

2. At the founder’s request or in accordance with his testamentary disposition Art. 86a

III. Minor amendments to the charter Art. 86b

E. Family and ecclesiastical foundations Art. 87

I. Dissolution by the competent authority Art. 88

II. Right to apply for dissolution, deletion from the register Art. 89

G. Employee benefits schemes Art. 89a

A. No management Art. 89b

B. Jurisdiction Art. 89c

A. Betrothal Art. 90

I. Gifts Art. 91

II. Duty to contribute Art. 92

III. Prescription Art. 93

A. Capacity to marry Art. 94

I. Kinship Art. 95

II. Previous marriage Art. 96

A. General principles Art. 97

A^bis. Circumvention of the legislation on foreign nationals Art. 97a

I. Request Art. 98

II. Conduct and completion of the preparatory procedure Art. 99

III. Time limit Art. 100

I. Venue Art. 101

II. Form Art. 102

D. Implementing provisions Art. 103

A. General principle Art. 104

I. Grounds Art. 105

II. Action for annulment Art. 106

I. Grounds Art. 107

II. Action for annulment Art. 108

D. Effects of judgment Art. 109

Repealed Art. 110

I. Comprehensive agreement Art. 111

II. Partial agreement Art. 112

Repealed Art. 113

I. After living apart Art. 114

II. Irretrievable breakdown Art. 115

Repealed Art. 116

A. Requirements and procedure Art. 117

B. Effects of separation Art. 118

A. Civil status of divaorced spouses Art. 119

B. Marital property law and inheritance law Art. 120

C. Family home Art. 121

I. Principle Art. 122

II. Equitable divaision of termination benefits Art. 123

III. Equitable divaision of invalidity pension prior to statutory retirement age Art. 124

IV. Equitable divaision in the case of invalidity pensions after statutory retirement age and in the case of retirement pensions Art. 124a

V. Exceptions Art. 124b

VI. Offset of mutual entitlements Art. 124c

VII. Unreasonableness Art. 124d

VIII. Impossibility Art. 124e

I. Requirements Art. 125

II. Modalities of maintenance contributions Art. 126

1. Special terms Art. 127

2. Adjustment for inflation Art. 128

3. Adjustment by court order Art. 129

4. Expiry by law Art. 130

1. Enforcement assistance Art. 131

2. Advance payments Art. 131a

3. Directions to debtors and posting security Art. 132

I. Parental rights and obligations Art. 133

II. Change of circumstances Art. 134

Repealed Art. 135–158

A. Marital union; rights and duties of spouses Art. 159

B. Surname Art. 160

C. Cantonal and communal citizenship Art. 161

D. Marital home Art. 162

I. In general Art. 163

II. Allowance for personal use Art. 164

III. Extraordinary contributions by one spouse Art. 165

F. Representation of the marital union Art. 166

G. Spouses’ career or business Art. 167

I. In general Art. 168

II. Family home Art. 169

J. Duty to inform Art. 170

I. Counselling agencies Art. 171

1. In general Art. 172

2. While living together

a. Financial contributions Art. 173

b. Revocation of powers of representation Art. 174

3. Suspension of joint household

a. Grounds Art. 175

b. Arrangements for living apart Art. 176

4. Enforcement

a. Enforcement assistance and advance payments Art. 176a

b. Directions to debtors Art. 177

5. Restriction of power to dispose of assets Art. 178

6. Change of circumstances Art. 179

Repealed Art. 180

A. Ordinary property regime Art. 181

I. Choice of regime Art. 182

II. Capacity to enter into an agreement Art. 183

III. Form of the agreement Art. 184

1. By court order Art. 185

2. ... Art. 186

3. Revocation Art. 187

1. Bankruptcy Art. 188

2. Distraint

a. By court order Art. 189

b. Request Art. 190

3. Revocation Art. 191

III. Liquidation of the previous marital property regime Art. 192

D. Protection of creditors Art. 193

E. ... Art. 194

F. Management of one spouse’s assets by the other Art. 195

G. Inventory Art. 195a

I. Categories Art. 196

II. Acquired property Art. 197

1. By operation of law Art. 198

2. By marital agreement Art. 199

IV. Proof Art. 200

B. Management, benefits and power of disposal Art. 201

C. Liability toward third parties Art. 202

D. Debts between spouses Art. 203

I. Time of dissolution Art. 204

1. In general Art. 205

2. Participation in increased value Art. 206

1. Separation of acquired property and indivaidual property Art. 207

2. Additions Art. 208

3. Compensation operations between acquired property and indivaidual property Art. 209

4. Surplus Art. 210

1. Market value Art. 211

2. Capitalised value

a. In general Art. 212

b. Special circumstances Art. 213

3. Defining juncture Art. 214

1. By law Art. 215

2. By agreement

a. In general Art. 216

b. On divaorce, separation, annulment of the marriage or separation of property by court order Art. 217

1. Deferred payment Art. 218

2. Home and household effects Art. 219

3. Claims against third parties Art. 220

I. Categories Art. 221

1. General community of property Art. 222

2. Limited community of property

a. Community restricted to acquired property Art. 223

b. Further community of property regimes Art. 224

III. Indivaidual property Art. 225

IV. Proof Art. 226

1. Everyday housekeeping Art. 227

2. Extraordinary housekeeping Art. 228

3. Use of common property for professional or business purposes Art. 229

4. Renunciation and acceptance of inheritances Art. 230

5. Liability and management costs Art. 231

II. Indivaidual property Art. 232

I. Full liability Art. 233

II. Indivaidual liability Art. 234

D. Debts between spouses Art. 235

I. Time of dissolution Art. 236

II. Allocation to indivaidual property Art. 237

III. Compensation operations between joint and indivaidual property Art. 238

IV. Participation in increased value Art. 239

V. Valuation Art. 240

1. On death or implementation of a different marital property regime Art. 241

2. In other cases Art. 242

1. Indivaidual property Art. 243

2. Home and household effects Art. 244

3. Other assets Art. 245

4. Further provisions Art. 246

I. In general Art. 247

II. Proof Art. 248

B. Liability toward third parties Art. 249

C. Debts between spouses Art. 250

D. Allocation of property in co-ownership Art. 251

A. Formation of parent-child relationship in general Art. 252

B. ... Art. 253

Repealed Art. 254

A. Presumption Art. 255

I. Right to challenge Art. 256

1. In the case of conception in wedlock Art. 256a

2. In the case of conception before marriage or while spouses were living apart Art. 256b

III. Time limits Art. 256c

C. Conflict of presumptions Art. 257

D. Challenge by the parents Art. 258

E. Marriage of the parents Art. 259

I. Admissibility and form Art. 260

1. Right to challenge Art. 260a

2. Grounds Art. 260b

3. Time limits Art. 260c

I. Right to bring the action Art. 261

II. Presumption Art. 262

III. Time limits Art. 263

I. General requirements Art. 264

II. Joint adoption Art. 264a

III. Adoption by a single person Art. 264b

IV. Adoption of a stepchild Art. 264c

V. Difference in age Art. 264d

VI. Consent of the child and the child protection authority Art. 265

1. Form Art. 265a

2. Time of consent Art. 265b

3. Dispensing with consent

a. Requirements Art. 265c

b. Decision Art. 265d

B. Adoption of an adult Art. 266

I. In general Art. 267

II. Name Art. 267a

III. Citizenship Art. 267b

I. In general Art. 268

II. Investigation Art. 268a

III. Hearing for the child Art. 268a^bis

IV. Representation for the child Art. 268a^ter

V. Taking account of the attitude of family members Art. 268a^quater

D^bis.Confidentiality of adoption information Art. 268b

D^ter. Information on the adoption, the biological parents and their issue Art. 268c

D^quater. Cantonal information centre and tracing services Art. 268d

D^quinquies. Contact with the biological parents Art. 268e

1. Lack of consent Art. 269

2. Other defects Art. 269a

II. Time limits Art. 269b

F. Adoption agency services Art. 269c

I. Child of married parents Art. 270

II. Child of unmarried parents Art. 270a

III. Consent of the child Art. 270b

B. Citizenship Art. 271

C. Support and common welfare Art. 272

1. Principle Art. 273

2. Restrictions Art. 274

II. Third parties Art. 274a

III. Responsible authorities Art. 275

E. Right to information Art. 275a

I. Object and scope Art. 276

II. Precedence of maintenance for minors Art. 276a

B. Duration Art. 277

C. Married parents Art. 278

I. Right to sue Art. 279

II. and III. ... Art. 280–284

1. Parents’ contribution Art. 285

2. Other payments for maintenance of the child Art. 285a

1. In general Art. 286

2. Shortfalls Art. 286a

I. Regular payments Art. 287

II. Scope of a maintenance agreement Art. 287a

III. Final settlement Art. 288

I. Entitlement Art. 289

1. Enforcement assistance Art. 290

2. Directions to debtors Art. 291

III. Security Art. 292

G. Public law Art. 293

H. Foster parents Art. 294

J. Rights of the unmarried mother Art. 295

A. Principles Art. 296

A^bis. Death of a parent Art. 297

A^ter. Divorce and other marital proceedings Art. 298

I. Joint declaration by the parents Art. 298a

II. Decision of the child protection authority Art. 298b

III. Paternity action Art. 298c

IV. Change in circumstances Art. 298d

A^quinquies. Change in the situation after the adoption of a stepchild in a cohabitation relationship Art. 298e

A^sexies. Step-parents Art. 299

A^septies. Foster parents Art. 300

I. In general Art. 301

II. Deciding on the place of residence Art. 301a

III. Upbringing Art. 302

IV. Religious upbringing Art. 303

1. In relation to third parties

a. In general Art. 304

b. Child’s legal status Art. 305

2. Within the family community Art. 306

I. Appropriate measures Art. 307

II. Deputyship Art. 308

Repealed Art. 309

III. Revocation of the right to decide on place of residence Art. 310

1. Ex-officio Art. 311

2. With the parents' consent Art. 312

V. Change in circumstances Art. 313

1. General Art. 314

2. Hearing for the child Art. 314a

3. Representation for the child Art. 314a^bis

4. Committal to a secure institution or psychiatric hospital Art. 314b

5. Right to notify Art. 314c

6. Duty to notify Art. 314d

7. Cooperation and administrative assistance Art. 314e

1. In general Art. 315

2. In marital proceedings

a. Jurisdiction of the court Art. 315a

b. Amendment of court orders Art. 315b

VIII. Supervision of foster children Art. 316

IX. Cooperation in youth support Art. 317

A. Management Art. 318

B. Use of income Art. 319

C. Drawing on the child’s assets Art. 320

I. Endowments Art. 321

II. Statutory entitlement Art. 322

III. Employment income, professional and business assets Art. 323

I. Appropriate measures Art. 324

II. Withdrawal of management Art. 325

I. Return of property Art. 326

II. Liability Art. 327

A. Principle Art. 327a

I. Of the child Art. 327b

II. Of the guardian Art. 327c

A. Persons obliged to lend assistance Art. 328

B. Scope and enforcement of the claim for assistance Art. 329

C. Maintenance of foundlings Art. 330

A. Requirement Art. 331

I. House rules and welfare Art. 332

II. Liability Art. 333

1. Requirements Art. 334

2. Asserting claims Art. 334^bis

A. Family foundations Art. 335

1. Authority Art. 336

2. Form Art. 337

II. Duration Art. 338

1. Type of ownership Art. 339

2. Management and representation

a. In general Art. 340

b. Manager's powers Art. 341

3. Common property and personal property Art. 342

1. Grounds Art. 343

2. Notice, insolvency, marriage Art. 344

3. Death of a co-owner Art. 345

4. Division Art. 346

1. Nature Art. 347

2. Special grounds for dissolution Art. 348

Repealed Art. 349–359

A. Principle Art. 360

I. Execution Art. 361

II. Revocation Art. 362

C. Decision on effectiveness and acceptance Art. 363

D. Interpretation and clarification Art. 364

E. Fulfilment Art. 365

F. Remuneration and expenses Art. 366

G. Termination Art. 367

H. Intervention by the adult protection authority Art. 368

I. Regaining the capacity of judgement Art. 369

A. Principle Art. 370

B. Execution and revocation Art. 371

C. Loss of capacity of judgement Art. 372

D. Intervention by the adult protection authority Art. 373

A. Requirements for and extent of the right to act as representative Art. 374

B. Exercise of the right to act as representative Art. 375

C. Intervention by the adult protection authority Art. 376

A. Treatment plan Art. 377

B. The representative Art. 378

C. Urgent cases Art. 379

D. Treatment of a mental disorder Art. 380

E. Intervention by the adult protection authority Art. 381

A. Care agreement Art. 382

I. Requirements Art. 383

II. Records and Information Art. 384

III. Intervention by the adult protection authority Art. 385

C. Protection of privacy Art. 386

D. Supervision of residential and care institution Art. 387

A. Aim Art. 388

B. Subsidiarity and proportionality Art. 389

A. Requirements Art. 390

B. Scope of responsibilities Art. 391

C. Dispensing with a deputyship Art. 392

A. Assistance deputyship Art. 393

I. In general Art. 394

II. Asset management Art. 395

C. Advisory deputyship Art. 396

D. Combination of deputyships Art. 397

E. General deputyship Art. 398

Art. 399

I. General requirements Art. 400

II. Wishes of the client or his or her closely associated persons Art. 401

III. Appointment of two or more persons Art. 402

B. Incapacity and conflict of interests Art. 403

C. Remuneration and expenses Art. 404

A. Assumption of office Art. 405

B. Relationship with the client Art. 406

C. Client's autonomy Art. 407

I. Tasks Art. 408

II. Personal allowance Art. 409

III. Accounts Art. 410

E. Reporting Art. 411

F. Special transactions Art. 412

G. Duties of care and confidentiality Art. 413

H. Amendment of conditions Art. 414

A. Examination of accounts and report Art. 415

I. By law Art. 416

II. By order Art. 417

III. Lack of consent Art. 418

Art. 419

Art. 420

A. By law Art. 421

I. At the deputy's request Art. 422

II. Other cases Art. 423

C. Continuation of transactions Art. 424

D. Final report and final accounts Art. 425

I. Hospitalisation for treatment or care Art. 426

II. Detention of persons admitted voluntarily Art. 427

I. Adult protection authority Art. 428

1. Responsibility Art. 429

2. Procedures Art. 430

C. Regular review Art. 431

D. Authorised representative Art. 432

I. Treatment plan Art. 433

II. Treatment without consent Art. 434

III. Emergencies Art. 435

IV. Pre-discharge interview Art. 436

V. Cantonal law Art. 437

F. Measures restricting freedom of movement Art. 438

G. Petition to the court Art. 439

A. Adult protection authority Art. 440

B. Supervisory authority Art. 441

C. Local jurisdiction Art. 442

A. Notification rights and obligations Art. 443

B. Verification of jurisdiction Art. 444

C. Precautionary measures Art. 445

D. Procedural principles Art. 446

E. Hearing Art. 447

F. Obligations to cooperate and administrative assistance Art. 448

G. Assessment in an institution Art. 449

H. Appointment of a representative Art. 449a

I. Inspection of files Art. 449b

J. Notification duty Art. 449c

A. Object and right of appeal Art. 450

B. Grounds of appeal Art. 450a

C. Deadline for filing the appeal Art. 450b

D. Suspensive effect Art. 450c

E. Consultation with the lower instance and reconsideration Art. 450d

F. Special provisions in the case of care-related hospitalisation Art. 450e

Art. 450f

Art. 450g

A. Duty of confidentiality and information Art. 451

B. Effect of the measures on third parties Art. 452

C. Duty of cooperation Art. 453

A. Principle Art. 454

B. Prescription Art. 455

C. Liability under agency law Art. 456

I. Issue Art. 457

II. Parental line Art. 458

III. Grandparental line Art. 459

IV. Scope of succession rights Art. 460

Art. 461

B. Surviving spouses and registered partners Art. 462

Repealed Art. 463–464

C... Art. 465

D. State authority Art. 466

A. Wills Art. 467

B. Contract of succession Art. 468

C. Voidable dispositions Art. 469

I. Scope of testamentary powers Art. 470

II. Statutory entitlement Art. 471

III. ... Art. 472

IV. Dispositions in favour of the spouse Art. 473

1. Deduction of debts Art. 474

2. Inter vivos gifts Art. 475

3. Insurance claims Art. 476

I. Grounds Art. 477

II. Effect Art. 478

III. Burden of proof Art. 479

IV. Disinheritance of an insolvent person Art. 480

A. In general Art. 481

B. Burdens and conditions Art. 482

C. Naming of heirs Art. 483

I. Nature Art. 484

II. Duty on the obligor of the legacy Art. 485

III. Relationship to the estate Art. 486

E. Substitution Art. 487

I. Designation of a remainderman Art. 488

II. Time of delivery Art. 489

III. Security Art. 490

1. Of the provisional heir Art. 491

2. Of the remainderman Art. 492

V. Issue lacking capacity of judgement Art. 492a

G. Foundations Art. 493

I. Contracts naming heirs and making legacies Art. 494

1. Significance Art. 495

2. Void renunciation Art. 496

3. Rights of the creditors of the estate Art. 497

1. In general Art. 498

2. By public deed

a. Formal requirements Art. 499

b. Role of the public official Art. 500

c. Role of the witnesses Art. 501

d. Drawing up a will without the testator reading and signing it Art. 502

e. Persons involved Art. 503

f. Safekeeping of wills Art. 504

3. Holographic will Art. 505

4. Oral will

a. Dispositions Art. 506

b. Conversion into deed Art. 507

c. Loss of validity Art. 508

1. Revocation Art. 509

2. Destruction Art. 510

3. Subsequent wills Art. 511

I. Execution Art. 512

1. Inter vivos

a. By contract and by will Art. 513

b. By withdrawal from the contract Art. 514

2. Predeceased heir Art. 515

C. Restriction of testamentary freedom Art. 516

A. Appointment of executors Art. 517

B. Function of an executor Art. 518

I. On grounds of lack of testamentary capacity, lack of free will, unlawfulness or immorality Art. 519

1. In general Art. 520

2. In holographic wills Art. 520a

III. Prescription Art. 521

1. In general Art. 522

2. Bequests in favour of heirs with a statutory entitlement Art. 523

3. Rights of creditors Art. 524

1. Of abatement in general Art. 525

2. On specific legacies Art. 526

3. On dispositions inter vivos

a. Cases Art. 527

b. Restitution Art. 528

4. On assurance claims Art. 529

5. On usufruct and annuities Art. 530

6. On naming of remaindermen Art. 531

III. Order of abatement Art. 532

IV. Prescription Art. 533

A. Claims in respect of lifetime transfers Art. 534

I. Abatement Art. 535

II. Reimbursement Art. 536

A. Requirements for the deceased Art. 537

B. Place where succession commences Art. 538

1. Legal capacity Art. 539

2. Unworthiness to inherit

a. Grounds Art. 540

b. Effect on issue Art. 541

1. As heir Art. 542

2. As legatee Art. 543

3. Unborn child Art. 544

4. Remaindermen Art. 545

1. Devolution against security Art. 546

2. Annulment of presumption of death and restitution Art. 547

II. Succession rights of persons presumed dead Art. 548

III. Correlation of the two cases Art. 549

IV. Procedure ex officio Art. 550

A. In general Art. 551

B. Sealing the estate Art. 552

C. Inventory Art. 553

I. In general Art. 554

II. In the case of unknown heirs Art. 555

I. Duty to submit the will Art. 556

II. Reading the will Art. 557

III. Notification of interested parties Art. 558

IV. Release of the estate Art. 559

I. Heirs Art. 560

II. ... Art. 561

1. Vesting Art. 562

2. Object Art. 563

3. Relationship between creditors and legatees Art. 564

4. Abatement Art. 565

1. Right to renounce Art. 566

2. Time limit

a. In general Art. 567

b. In the case of an inventory Art. 568

3. Passing of right to disclaim Art. 569

4. Form Art. 570

II. Forfeiture of right to disclaim Art. 571

III. Disclaimer by one co-heir Art. 572

1. In general Art. 573

2. Entitlement of surviving spouse Art. 574

3. Disclaimer in favour of subsequent heirs Art. 575

V. Extension of time limit Art. 576

VI. Disclaimer of a legacy Art. 577

VII. Security for the heir’s creditors Art. 578

VIII. Liability in the event of disclaimer Art. 579

A. Requirements Art. 580

I. Inventory Art. 581

II. Formal call to account Art. 582

III. Inclusion ex officio Art. 583

IV. Result Art. 584

I. Administration Art. 585

II. Debt enforcement, litigation, prescription Art. 586

I. Time limit for declaration of intention Art. 587

II. Declaration of intention Art. 588

1. Liability as per inventory Art. 589

2. Liability beyond the inventory Art. 590

E. Liability for debts subject to a surety Art. 591

F. Acquisition by a state authority Art. 592

I. At the request of an heir Art. 593

II. At the request of the deceased’s creditors Art. 594

I. Administration Art. 595

liquidation Art. 596

III. Liquidation by the bankruptcy office Art. 597

A. Requirements Art. 598

B. Effect Art. 599

C. Prescription Art. 600

D. Action by a legatee Art. 601

I. Community of heirs Art. 602

II. Liability of the heirs Art. 603

B. Right to divaision Art. 604

C. Deferral of divaision Art. 605

D. Claims of household members Art. 606

A. In general Art. 607

I. Testamentary disposition Art. 608

II. Assistance from the authorities Art. 609

I. Equal rights of heirs Art. 610

II. Formation of lots Art. 611

III. Allocation and sale of specific objects Art. 612

IV. Allocation of the home and household effects to the surviving spouse Art. 612a

I. Items that belong together, family documents Art. 613

I.^bis Agricultural inventory Art. 613a

II. Claims of the deceased against his or her heirs Art. 614

III. Pledged estate property Art. 615

Repealed Art. 616

1. Method of allocation

a. Imputed value Art. 617

b. Valuation procedure Art. 618

V. Agricultural businesses and land Art. 619

Repealed Art. 620–625

A. Hotchpot duty of the heirs Art. 626

B. Hotchpot if heirs cease to be heirs Art. 627

I. In kind or by imputation of value Art. 628

II. Correlation with share of the estate Art. 629

III. Hotchpot value Art. 630

D. Education costs Art. 631

E. Occasional gifts Art. 632

Repealed Art. 633

I. Contract of divaision Art. 634

II. Contracts regarding shares of the estate Art. 635

III. Contracts prior to succession Art. 636

I. Warranty Art. 637

II. Challenging the divaision Art. 638

I. Joint and several liability Art. 639

II. Recourse against co-heirs Art. 640

I. In general Art. 641

II. Animals Art. 641a

I. Constituent parts Art. 642

II. Natural fruits Art. 643

1. Definition Art. 644

2. Exclusions Art. 645

1. Relationship among co-owners Art. 646

2. Use and administration rules Art. 647

3. Ordinary administration Art. 647a

4. Major administrative acts Art. 647b

5. Construction work

a. Necessary work Art. 647c

b. Useful work Art. 647d

c. Works to improve appearance or convenience Art. 647e

6. Power of disposal over the object Art. 648

7. Costs and expenses Art. 649

8. Binding nature of rules and noting in the land register Art. 649a

9. Exclusion from collective ownership

a. Co-owners Art. 649b

b. Further entitled persons Art. 649c

10. Dissolution

a. Right to request divaision Art. 650

b. Form of partition Art. 651

c. Animals kept as pets Art. 651a

1. Prerequisites Art. 652

2. Effect Art. 653

3. Dissolution Art. 654

III. Joint ownership of agricultural enterprises and land Art. 654a

I. Immovable property Art. 655

II. Dependent property Art. 655a

I. Registration Art. 656

1. Transfer Art. 657

2. Appropriation Art. 658

3. Formation of new land Art. 659

4. Ground displacement

a. In general Art. 660

b. Constant ground displacement Art. 660a

c. Redrawing of boundaries Art. 660b

5. Adverse possession

a. Ordinary adverse possession Art. 661

b. Extraordinary adverse possession Art. 662

c. Time limits Art. 663

6. Ownerless and public objects Art. 664

III. Right to registration Art. 665

C. Loss Art. 666

I. Where the owner cannot be found Art. 666a

II. In the absence of the required management bodies Art. 666b

I. Scope Art. 667

1. Type of boundary Art. 668

2. Duty to establish boundaries Art. 669

3. Co-ownership of boundary markers Art. 670

1. Land and building materials

a. Ownership Art. 671

b. Compensation Art. 672

c. Assignment of land ownership Art. 673

2. Encroaching buildings Art. 674

3. Building right Art. 675

4. Pipes, cables, conduits Art. 676

5. Movable structures Art. 677

IV. Plants grown on the parcel of land Art. 678

1. Acts in excess of ownership rights Art. 679

2. Lawful management of the land Art. 679a

I. In general Art. 680

1. General principles Art. 681

2. Exercise Art. 681a

3. Modification, waiver Art. 681b

4. In respect of co-ownership and building rights Art. 682

5. Right of pre-emption of farms and farmland Art. 682a

Repealed Art. 683

1. Excess detriment Art. 684

2. Excavation and construction

a. Rule Art. 685

b. Cantonal regulations Art. 686

3. Plants

a. Rule Art. 687

b. Cantonal regulations Art. 688

4. Flowing waters Art. 689

5. Drainage Art. 690

6. Pipes, cables, conduits

a. Duty to permit Art. 691

b. Safeguarding the interests of the servient landowner Art. 692

c. Change of circumstances Art. 693

7. Rights of way

a. Necessary right of way Art. 694

b. Other rights of way Art. 695

c. Notation in the land register Art. 696

8. Enclosure Art. 697

9. Duty to maintain Art. 698

1. Access Art. 699

2. Retrieval of driftage and the like Art. 700

3. Trespass to ward off danger or damage Art. 701

1. In general Art. 702

2. Land improvements Art. 703

I. Spring ownership and spring rights Art. 704

II. Diversion of springs Art. 705

1. Damages Art. 706

2. Restoration Art. 707

IV. Community of spring owners Art. 708

V. Use of springs Art. 709

VI. Right to use an essential water source Art. 710

1. Water sources Art. 711

2. Land Art. 712

I. Definition Art. 712a

II. Object Art. 712b

III. Power of disposal Art. 712c

I. Deed of constitution Art. 712d

II. Layout of the condominium units and shares in the property Art. 712e

III. Extinction Art. 712f

I. Applicable provisions Art. 712g

1. Definition and distribution Art. 712h

2. Liability for cost contributions

a. Statutory lien Art. 712i

b. Special lien Art. 712k

III. Community’s capacity to act Art. 712l

1. Competence and legal status Art. 712m

2. Convening and chairing meetings Art. 712n

3. Voting rights Art. 712o

4. Quorum Art. 712p

1. Appointment Art. 712q

2. Removal Art. 712r

3. Duties

a. Implementation of provisions and resolutions concerning administration and use Art. 712s

b. External representation Art. 712t

A. Object Art. 713

1. Delivery of possession Art. 714

2. Reservation of ownership

a. In general Art. 715

b. Transactions involving payment by instalments Art. 716

3. Acquisition without possession Art. 717

1. Ownerless chattels Art. 718

2. Escaped animals Art. 719

1. Reporting, tracing

a. In general Art. 720

b. Animals Art. 720a

2. Safekeeping and auction Art. 721

3. Acquisition of ownership, return Art. 722

4. Treasure trove Art. 723

5. Objects of scientific value Art. 724

IV. Driftage Art. 725

V. Processing Art. 726

VI. Joining and mixing chattels Art. 727

VII. Adverse possession Art. 728

C. Loss Art. 729

A. Object Art. 730

1. Registration Art. 731

2. Legal transaction Art. 732

3. Creation in favour of own property Art. 733

1. In general Art. 734

2. Amalgamation Art. 735

3. By court order Art. 736

1. In general Art. 737

2. As defined by land register entry Art. 738

3. If needs change Art. 739

4. Cantonal law and local custom Art. 740

5. In the case of two or more beneficiaries Art. 740a

II. Duty of maintenance Art. 741

III. Relocation of the encumbrance Art. 742

IV. Partition of a property Art. 743

Repealed Art. 744

I. Object Art. 745

1. In general Art. 746

2. ... Art. 747

1. Grounds Art. 748

2. Duration Art. 749

3. Replacement on extinction of usufruct Art. 750

4. Return

a. Duty Art. 751

b. Liability Art. 752

c. Costs Art. 753

5. Prescription of compensation rights Art. 754

1. Rights of the usufructuary

a. In general Art. 755

b. Natural fruits Art. 756

c. Interest Art. 757

d. Assignability Art. 758

2. Rights of the owner

a. Supervision Art. 759

b. Security Art. 760

c. Security in the case of gifts and statutory usufruct Art. 761

d. Consequence of failure to provide security Art. 762

3. Inventory Art. 763

4. Costs

a. Preservation of the object Art. 764

b. Maintenance and administration Art. 765

c. Duty to pay interest on usufruct of assets Art. 766

d. Insurance Art. 767

1. Land

a. Fruits Art. 768

b. Use Art. 769

c. Woodland Art. 770

d. Mines Art. 771

2. Consumables and valued chattels Art. 772

3. Claims

a. Scope Art. 773

b. Repayments and reinvestment Art. 774

c. Right to assignment Art. 775

I. In general Art. 776

II. Rights of the usufructuary Art. 777

III. Maintenance costs Art. 778

I. Object and entry in the land register Art. 779

II. Legal transaction Art. 779a

III. Nature, scope and noting Art. 779b

1. Reversion Art. 779c

2. Compensation Art. 779d

Repealed Art. 779e

1. Prerequisites Art. 779f

2. Exercising the right of reversion Art. 779g

3. Other applicable cases Art. 779h

1. Right to establish a lien Art. 779i

2. Registration Art. 779k

VII. Maximum duration Art. 779l

D. Right of access to water sources Art. 780

E. Other servitudes Art. 781

F. Judicial measures Art. 781a

A. Object Art. 782

1. Registration and form of acquisition Art. 783

2. Public law real burdens Art. 784

Repealed Art. 785

1. In general Art. 786

2. Redemption

a. By the creditor Art. 787

b. By the debtor Art. 788

c. Redemption sum Art. 789

3. Prescription Art. 790

I. Creditor’s rights Art. 791

II. Debt liability Art. 792

I. Types Art. 793

1. Amount Art. 794

2. Interest Art. 795

1. Property subject to a charge Art. 796

2. Specification

a. In the case of a single property Art. 797

b. In the case of more than one property Art. 798

3. Agricultural properties Art. 798a

1. Registration Art. 799

2. In the case of joint ownership Art. 800

II. Extinction Art. 801

1. Transfer of liens Art. 802

2. Redemption by the debtor Art. 803

3. Monetary compensation Art. 804

I. Extent of security Art. 805

II. Rent Art. 806

III. Prescription Art. 807

1. In the event of a reduction in value

a. Court order and action by the creditor Art. 808

b. Security, restoration, redemption Art. 809

2. Depreciation without owner’s fault Art. 810

3. Disposal of minor portions of the property Art. 811

V. Further encumbrances Art. 812

1. Effect of rank Art. 813

2. Ranking Art. 814

3. Vacant ranks Art. 815

1. Mode Art. 816

2. Distribution of the proceeds Art. 817

3. Extent of security Art. 818

4. Security for maintenance costs Art. 819

1. Precedence Art. 820

2. Extinction of debt and lien Art. 821

IX. Entitlement to insurers’ payments Art. 822

X. Untraceable creditor Art. 823

A. Purpose and nature Art. 824

I. Establishment Art. 825

1. Right to have entry deleted Art. 826

2. Position of owner Art. 827

3. Unilateral redemption

a. Conditions and procedure Art. 828

b. Public auction Art. 829

c. Official valuation Art. 830

4. Termination Art. 831

1. Alienation Art. 832

2. Division Art. 833

3. Notice of assumption of debt Art. 834

II. Assignment of a debt Art. 835

I. Under cantonal law Art. 836

1. Cases in point Art. 837

2. Vendor, co—heirs and co—owners Art. 838

3. Tradesmen and building contractors

a. Registration Art. 839

b. Rank Art. 840

c. Privileged claim Art. 841

I. Purpose; Relationship with the debt arising from the basic relationship Art. 842

II. Form Art. 843

III. Position of owner Art. 844

IV. Sale. Division Art. 845

1. In general Art. 846

2. Notice Art. 847

VI. Protection of persons acting in good faith Art. 848

VII. Objections by the debtor Art. 849

VIII. Authorised person Art. 850

IX. Place of payment Art. 851

X. Changes in the legal relationship Art. 852

XI. Discharge Art. 853

1. In the absence of a creditor Art. 854

2. Deletion Art. 855

XIII. Public call to creditors Art. 856

I. Establishment Art. 857

II. Transfer Art. 858

III. Pledging, distraint and usufruct Art. 859

1. Registration Art. 860

2. Document of title Art. 861

II. Protection of persons acting in good faith Art. 862

1. Claims Art. 863

2. Assignment Art. 864

IV. Cancellation Art. 865

Repealed Art. 866–874

A. Bond issues secured by a lien Art. 875

Repealed Art. 876–883

1. Possession by pledgee Art. 884

2. Pledge of livestock Art. 885

3. Subordinate pledge Art. 886

4. Further pledge by pledgee Art. 887

1. Loss of possession Art. 888

2. Return Art. 889

3. Liability of the pledgee Art. 890

1. Rights of the pledgee Art. 891

2. Scope of the general lien Art. 892

3. Rank Art. 893

4. Default agreements Art. 894

I. Requirements Art. 895

II. Exceptions Art. 896

III. In the event of insolvency Art. 897

IV. Effect Art. 898

A. In general Art. 899

I. In the case of ordinary claims Art. 900

II. In the case of securities Art. 901

III. In the case of documents of title to goods Art. 902

IV. Subordinate pledge Art. 903

I. Extent of security Art. 904

II. Representation of pledged shares and capital contributions to limited liability companies Art. 905

III. Administration and payment Art. 906

I. Licensing Art. 907

II. Duration of licence Art. 908

I. Establishment Art. 909

1. Sale of pawned chattel Art. 910

2. Right to surplus Art. 911

1. Right of redemption Art. 912

2. Pawnbroker’s rights Art. 913

C. Purchase with right of repurchase Art. 914

D. Rules governing pawnbroking Art. 915

I. Definition Art. 919

II. Direct and derivative possession Art. 920

III. Temporary interruption Art. 921

I. Among parties present in person Art. 922

II. Among absent persons Art. 923

III. Without physical transfer Art. 924

IV. In the case of documents of title to goods Art. 925

1. Defence against interference Art. 926

2. Action for restitution Art. 927

3. Action for trespass Art. 928

4. Admissibility and prescription Art. 929

1. Presumption of ownership Art. 930

2. Presumption of indirect ownership Art. 931

3. Action against the possessor Art. 932

4. Power of disposal and right of restitution

a. Entrusted objects Art. 933

b. Stolen or lost chattels Art. 934

c. Cash and bearer securities Art. 935

d. Bad faith Art. 936

5. Presumption of title to land Art. 937

1. Possessor in good faith

a. Use Art. 938

b. Indemnity Art. 939

2. Possession in bad faith Art. 940

IV. Adverse possession Art. 941

1. In general Art. 942

2. Registered data

a. Object Art. 943

b. Exceptions Art. 944

3. Registers

a. Main Register Art. 945

b. Folio Art. 946

c. Joint folio Art. 947

d. Journal, supporting documents Art. 948

4. Implementing ordinances

a. In general Art. 949

b. For electronic registers Art. 949a

4b. ... Art. 949b

4c. ... Art. 949c

4c. Commissioning private indivaiduals to use the electronic version of the land register Art. 949d

5. Official cadastral survey Art. 950

1. Districts

a. Allocation to districts Art. 951

b. Land straddling more than one district Art. 952

2. Land registries Art. 953

3. Fees Art. 954

III. Liability Art. 955

IV. Administrative supervision Art. 956

1. Right of appeal Art. 956a

2. Appeal proceedings Art. 956b

Repealed Art. 957

1. Ownership and rights in rem Art. 958

2. Priority notices

a. Personal rights Art. 959

b. Restrictions on powers of disposal Art. 960

c. Provisional entries Art. 961

d. Entry of subordinate rights Art. 961a

1. Restrictions under public law Art. 962

2. Of representatives Art. 962a

1. Applications

a. For an entry Art. 963

b. For a deletion Art. 964

2. Authority

a. Valid proof of authority Art. 965

b. Completion of application Art. 966

1. In general Art. 967

2. For easements Art. 968

V. Duty to notify Art. 969

I. Information and right of consultation Art. 970

II. Publication Art. 970a

I. Need for an entry Art. 971

1. In general Art. 972

2. In relation to third parties acting in good faith Art. 973

3. In relation to third parties acting in bad faith Art. 974

1. On the divaision of property Art. 974a

2. In the case of the consolidation of parcels of land Art. 974b

II. Unwarranted entries Art. 975

1. Clearly insignificant entries Art. 976

2. Other entries

a. In general Art. 976a

b. On objection Art. 976b

3. Public revision procedure Art. 976c

IV. Corrections Art. 977

I. General rule of non-retroactive effect Art. 1

1. Public policy and good morals Art. 2

2. Relationships defined by law Art. 3

3. Non-vested rights Art. 4

I. Capacity to act Art. 5

II. Presumed death Art. 6

IIa. Central civil register database Art. 6a

1. In general Art. 6b

2. Accounting and auditors Art. 6c

IV. Protection of the indivaidual against violence, threats or stalking Art. 6d

I. Marriage Art. 7

1. Principle Art. 7a

2. Pending divaorce proceedings Art. 7b

3. Period of separation for pending divaorce proceedings Art. 7c

4. Occupational pension Art. 7d

5. Conversion of existing pensions Art. 7e

1. Principle Art. 8

2. Surname Art. 8a

3. Citizenship Art. 8b

II. Marital property law applicable to marriages contracted before 1 January 1912 Art. 9

1. In general Art. 9a

2. Change from a union of property to participation in acquired property

a. Change to the bodies of assets Art. 9b

b. Preferential right Art. 9c

c. Division of marital property under the new law Art. 9d

3. Retention of the union of property regime Art. 9e

4. Retention of separation of property by operation of law or by court order Art. 9f

5. Marital agreement

a. In general Art. 10

b. Legal effect in relation to third parties Art. 10a

c. Application of the new law Art. 10b

d. Contractual separation of property according to previous law Art. 10c

e. Marital agreements concluded with a view to the new law coming into force Art. 10d

f. Register of marital property Art. 10e

6. Repayment of debts in the case of separation of assets under the law of marital property Art. 11

7. Protection of creditors Art. 11a

III. The parent-child relationship in general Art. 12

1. Continuation of the previous law Art. 12a

2. Pending proceedings Art. 12b

3. Application of the new law Art. 12c

Repealed Art. 12c^bis

III^ter. Contesting a declaration of legitimacy Art. 12d

1. Pending actions Art. 13

2. New actions Art. 13a

IV^bis. Time limit for declaring or challenging the parent-child relationship Art. 13b

1. Existing maintenance titles

2. Pending proceedings Art. 13c

IV^quater. Name of the child Art. 13d

1. Existing measures Art. 14

2. Pending proceedings Art. 14a

I. Heirs and succession Art. 15

II. Testamentary dispositions Art. 16

I. Rights in rem in general Art. 17

II. Right to entry in the land register Art. 18

III. Adverse possession Art. 19

1. Trees on another person's land Art. 20

2. Condominium

a. Original Art. 20^bis

b. Converted Art. 20^ter

c. Correction of the land registers Art. 20^quater

V. Easements Art. 21

1. Recognition of the existing document of title Art. 22

2. Creation of liens Art. 23

3. Repayment of securities Art. 24

4. Extent of liability under the lien Art. 25

5. Rights and obligations from the mortgage

a. In general Art. 26

b. Rights to security Art. 27

c. Termination, transfer Art. 28

6. Ranking Art. 29

7. Ranking positions Art. 30

8. ... Art. 31 and 32

9. Equal status of previous forms of lien with those under the new law Art. 33

10. Continued application of previous law to existing forms of lien Art. 33a

11. Conversion the form of the mortgage certificate Art. 33b

1. Provisions on form Art. 34

2. Effect Art. 35

VIII. Special lien Art. 36

IX. Possession Art. 37

1. Establishment of the land register Art. 38

2. Official cadastral survey

a. ... Art. 39

b. Relation to the land register Art. 40

c. Time schedule Art. 41

Repealed Art. 42

3. Registration of rights in rem

a. Procedure Art. 43

b. Consequences of non-registration Art. 44

4. Abolished rights Art. 45

5. Postponement in the introduction of the land register Art. 46

6. Introduction of the property law before the land register Art. 47

7. Effect of cantonal forms Art. 48

F. Prescription Art. 49

G. Forms of contract Art. 50

A. Repeal of cantonal civil law Art. 51

I. Rights and duties of the cantons Art. 52

II. Substitute ordinances Art. 53

C. Designation of competent authorities Art. 54

I. In general Art. 55

II. Electronic copies and legalisations Art. 55a

E. Allocation of water rights Art. 56

F.–H. ... Art. 57

J. Debt enforcement and bankruptcy Art. 58

K. Application of Swiss and foreign law Art. 59

L. Repeal of federal civil law Art. 60

M. Final Provision Art. 61