A. Repeal of cantonal civil law
On commencement of the Civil Code, cantonal civil law provisions are repealed unless federal law provides otherwise.
B. Supplementary cantonal provisions
I. Rights and duties of the cantons
1 The cantons shall enact the provisions required to supplement the Civil Code, including in particular those governing the competent authorities1 and the establishment of civil registries, guardianship authorities and land registries.
2 The cantons shall enact any such supplementary provisions as are required to implement the Civil Code and may do so provisionally in the form of ordinances.2
3 Cantonal provisions on register law require federal approval.3
4 Notice of cantonal provisions on other matters must be given to the Federal Office of Justice.4
1 Presently the Adult protection authority (see Art. 440).
2 Amended by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
3 Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
4 Inserted by No II 21 of the FA of 15 Dec. 1989 on Approval of Cantonal Decrees by the Confederation, in force since 1 Feb. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333). Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008 (Adult Protection Law, Law of Persons and Law of Children), in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).
II. Substitute ordinances
1 Where a canton has failed to enact the necessary provisions in time, the Federal Council shall provisionally enact substitute ordinances and notify the Federal Assembly.
2 Where a canton refrains from exercising its powers in respect of matters for which supplementary legislation is not indispensable, the provisions of the Civil Code remain applicable.
C. Designation of competent authorities
1 Where the Civil Code makes reference to a competent authority, the cantons shall designate such authority, be it existing or yet to be created.
2 Where the Civil Code does not make express reference to a court or an administrative authority, the cantons may designate either as the competent authority.
3 Unless the Civil Procedure Code of 19 December 20081 applies, the cantons regulate proceedings.2
1 SR 272
2 Amended by Annex 1 No II 3 of the Civil Procedure Code of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221).
11. Conversion the form of the mortgage certificate
The landowner and the mortgage certificate creditors may jointly request in writing that a mortgage certificate on paper recorded before the amendment of 11 December 20092 comes into force be converted into a register mortgage certificate.
1 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
2AS 2011 4637
VII. Charges on chattels
1. Provisions on form
1 From the date on which the Code comes into force, charges on chattels may only be created in the forms provided for herein.
2 Where a charge on chattels has been created in another form before this time, it is extinguished after a period of six months which begins to run if the debt is due for payment from the date on which the new law comes into force and in other cases from the date on which it becomes due for payment or when termination is permitted.
2. Effect
1 The effects of the charge on chattels, the rights and obligations of the pledgee, of the pledger and of the pledge debtor are governed from the date on which this Code comes into force by the new law, even if the charge was created before that date.
2 An agreement stipulating that the pledged chattel will become the property of the pledgee in the event of default on the part of the debtor that is concluded before this Code comes into force ceases to be valid from that date.
VIII. Special lien
1 A special lien under this Code also extends to objects that were subject to the power of disposal of the creditor before this Code comes into force.
2 It may also be exercised by the creditors in respect of claims that originated before this date.
3 The effect of special liens originating at an earlier date is subject to the provisions of this Code.
IX. Possession
When this Code comes into force, possession becomes subject to the new law.
X. Land register
1. Establishment of the land register
1 After consulting the cantons, the Federal Council shall draw up a plan for the introduction of the land register. It may delegate this responsibility to the competent department or office.1
1 Amended by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, in force since 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Official cadastral survey
a. ...
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 Oct. 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817)
b. Relation to the land register
1 As a general rule, the surveying should precede the establishment of the land register.
2 With consent of the Confederation, however, the land register may be established beforehand if adequate descriptions of the properties are available.
c. Time schedule
2 The surveying and the introduction of the land register may be carried out successively for the indivaidual districts of a canton.
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Repealed by Annex No II of the FA of 5 October 2007 on Geoinformation, with effect from 1 July 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Registration of rights in rem
a. Procedure
1 On the introduction of the land register, rights in rem that already exist shall be recorded in the register.
2 For this purpose, an announcement must be made to the public requesting them to give notice of and register these rights.
3 Rights in rem registered under the previous law in public books shall, provided they may be created under the new law, be entered ex officio in the land register.
b. Consequences of non-registration
1 Rights in rem under the previous law that are not registered remain valid but may not be cited in opposition to third parties who rely in good faith on the land register.
2 The Confederation or the cantons may however enact legislation to have all rights in rem that are not recorded in the land register declared invalid after a specific date subject to prior notice.
3 Unregistered public law real burdens and statutory liens under cantonal law created before the amendment of 11 December 20091 comes into force may for a period of ten years from the date on which the amendment comes into force be cited in opposition to third parties who rely on the land register in good faith.2
1AS 2011 4637
2 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificates and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
4. Abolished rights
1 Rights in rem that may no longer be established under the land register law such as the ownership of trees on another person's land, liens on usufructs and suchlike are not recorded in the land register but must be noted in an appropriate manner.
2 If such rights have lapsed for whatever reason, they may not be re-established.
1 Amended by No IV of the FA of 19 Dec. 1963, in force since 1 Jan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Postponement in the introduction of the land register
1 The introduction of the land register in accordance with the provisions of this Code may be postponed by the cantons with the authorisation of the Federal Council provided the cantonal provisions on forms of notice, with or without amendments appear to be sufficient to guarantee the effects that the new law requires of the land register.
2 The forms of notice under cantonal law that are intended to guarantee the effects required by the new law must be precisely specified.
6. Introduction of the property law before the land register
The property law under this Code in general comes into force even if the land registers have not been established.
7. Effect of cantonal forms
1 When the property law comes into force and before the introduction of the land register, the cantons may designate the procedures, such those for drawing up documents or registration in the registers for land, liens and servitudes, that will immediately have the effect of being recorded in the land register.
2 Even without or before the introduction of the land register, it may be provided that these procedures have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in the case of the creation, transfer, modification and extinction of rights in rem.
3 However, in the event that the land register itself is not introduced or another equivalent institution established, these procedures do not have the same effect as being recorded in the land register in relation to third parties relying thereon in good faith.
F. Prescription
1 Where the new law specifies a longer period than the previous law, the new law applies, provided prescription has not yet taken effect under the previous law.
2 Where the new law specifies a shorter period, the previous law applies.
3 The entry into force of the new law does not change the date on which an ongoing prescriptive period began, unless the law provides otherwise.
4 Otherwise, the new law governs prescription from the time it comes into force.
1 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 15 June 2018 (Revision of the Law on Prescription), in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
G. Forms of contract
Contracts concluded before this Code comes into force remain valid even if their form is not in accordance with the provisions of the new law.
c. Rectificaziun dals registers funsils
Per pudair suttametter la proprietad en condomini transfurmada a las novas prescripziuns e per inscriver la proprietad en condomini originala en il register funsil, pon ils chantuns ordinar ch’ils registers funsils vegnian rectifitgads e decretar prescripziuns da procedura spezialas per quest intent.
1 Integrà tras la cifra IV da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
V. Servituts funsilas
1 Las servituds funsilas ch’èn vegnidas constituidas avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil restan valaivlas suenter l’introducziun dal register funsil er senza ch’ellas sajan inscrittas en quel; ellas na pon dentant betg vegnir fatgas valair vers terzas persunas da buna fai, uschè ditg ch’ellas n’èn betg inscrittas.
2 Obligaziuns colliadas accessoricamain cun servituts ch’èn vegnidas constituidas avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20091 e che resultan mo da mussaments dal register funsil, pon vegnir fatgas valair er vinavant vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.2
1 AS 2011 4637
2 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
VI. Dretgs da pegn funsil
1. Renconuschientscha dals titels da pegn existents
1 Ils titels da pegn ch’existan il mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur, restan valaivels senza ch’els stoppian vegnir adattads al dretg nov.
2 Igl è dentant resalvà als chantuns da prescriver ch’ils titels da pegn existents vegnian renovads ed adattads a las disposiziuns dal dretg nov entaifer in tschert termin.
2. Constituziun da dretgs da pegn
1 Suenter l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil dastgan vegnir constituidas mo quellas spezias da dretgs da pegn funsil ch’èn renconuschidas dal dretg nov.
2 Fin a l’introducziun dal register funsil vegnan els constituids tenor las furmas dal dretg chantunal da fin ussa.
3. Extincziun da titels
1 Suenter ch’il dretg nov è entrà en vigur, vegnan sias disposiziuns applitgadas per extinguer u per midar titels, per decretar in pegn e per chaussas sumegliantas.
2 Uschè ditg ch’il register funsil n’è betg introducì, ston vegnir observadas las furmas tenor il dretg chantunal.
4. Dimensiun da la garanzia ipotecara
1 Per tut ils dretgs da pegn funsil vegn la dimensiun da la garanzia ipotecara determinada tenor il dretg nov.
2 Sche tscherts objects determinads èn vegnids dads en pegn al creditur ensemen cun il bain immobigliar, e quai en moda giuridicamain valaivla sin basa d’ina cunvegna speziala, restan quests objects suttamess al pegn, er sch’els na pudessan betg vegnir impegnads tenor il dretg nov.
5. Dretgs ed obligaziuns che resultan dal pegn immobigliar
a. En general
1 Ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dals crediturs e dals debiturs concernent ils pegns immobigliars ch’existan il mument da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil vegnan reglads tenor il dretg vegl, uschenavant ch’i sa tracta d’effects da contracts.
2 Er per quests pegns immobigliars vala a partir da quest mument il dretg nov, sch’i sa tracta d’effects ch’èn stabilids tenor la lescha e che na pon betg vegnir midads tras contracts.
3 Sch’il pegn cumpiglia plirs bains immobigliars, restan quels engrevgiads tenor il dretg vegl.
b. Mesiras da garanzia
Ils dretgs dal creditur durant la durada dal pegn, en spezial quels da far ordinar mesiras da garanzia, èn suttamess al dretg nov per tut ils pegns immobigliars, e quai a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur; il medem vala er per ils dretgs dal debitur.
c. Disditga, transferiment
Per disdir credits ch’èn garantids tras pegns immobigliars sco er per transferir ils titels d’ina persuna ad in’autra sto vegnir observà il dretg vegl, sch’i sa tracta da pegns ch’èn vegnids constituids gia avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil; resalvadas restan dentant las prescripziuns dal dretg nov ch’èn absolutamain liantas.
6. Rang
1 Il rang dals dretgs da pegn vegn fixà dal dretg vegl fin ch’ils bains immobigliars èn inscrits en il register funsil.
2 A partir dal mument da l’introducziun dal register funsil vegn il rang dals crediturs fixà tenor las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil davart il register funsil.
7. Post da pegn
1 Concernent il post da pegn fix u concernent il dretg dal creditur d’entrar e da s’avanzar en in post liber vegn applitgà il dretg nov a partir da l’introducziun dal register funsil, ed en mintga cas 5 onns suenter ch’il nov Cudesch civil è entrà en vigur; ils dretgs spezials ch’existan a favur dal creditur restan resalvads.
2 Ils chantuns pon fixar ulteriuras disposiziuns transitoricas.1
1 Versiun tenor la cifra II 21 da la LF dals 15 da dec. 1989 davart l’approvaziun da decrets chantunals tras la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 1991 (AS 1991 362; BBl 1988 II 1333).
8. ...
1 Abolì tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
11. Transfurmaziun da la spezia da la brev ipotecara
Il proprietari d’in bain immobigliar e las persunas che han in dretg sin il bain immobigliar pon pretender cuminaivlamain en scrit ch’ina brev ipotecara sin palpiri, ch’è vegnida inscritta avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20092, vegnia transfurmada en ina brev ipotecara registrada.
VII. Pegns movibels
1. Furma
1 A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil pon ils pegns movibels vegnir constituids mo en las furmas che vegnan previsas da quel.
2 Pegns movibels ch’èn vegnids constituids avant quest mument e tenor in’autra furma extinguan suenter 6 mais dapi l’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov, sch’il termin da pajament era gia scrudà, ed en cas ch’il termin scroda pli tard, a partir dal mument ch’el scroda u a partir dal mument che la pretensiun po vegnir disditga.
2. Effects
1 Ils effects dal pegn movibel, ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dal creditur da pegn, da l’impegnader u dal debitur da pegn sa drizzan tenor il nov Cudesch civil a partir dal mument ch’el è entrà en vigur, e quai er, sch’il pegn è vegnì constituì gia avant il mument da l’entrada en vigur.
2 In contract da scadenza dal pegn a favur dal creditur ch’è vegnì fatg avant l’entrada en vigur dal nov Cudesch civil, daventa nunvalaivel a partir da quest mument.
VIII. Dretg da retenziun
1 Il dretg da retenziun tenor il nov Cudesch civil s’extenda er sin talas chaussas ch’èn vegnidas en ils mauns dal creditur avant sia entrada en vigur.
2 Il creditur po far valair quest dretg er per pretensiuns ch’èn naschidas avant quest mument.
3 Ils dretgs da retenziun ch’èn naschids pli baud èn – en quai che concerna lur effects – suttamess a las disposiziuns dal nov Cudesch civil.
IX. Possess
Il possess è suttamess al dretg nov a partir dal mument ch’il nov Cudesch civil entra en vigur.
X. Register funsil
1. Introducziun dal register funsil
1 Suenter avair tadlà ils chantuns fixescha il Cussegl federal il plan general per introducir il register funsil. Questa cumpetenza po el transferir al departament u a l’uffizi cumpetent.1
1 Versiun tenor la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
2. Mesiraziun uffiziala
a. ...
...
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
b. Relaziun cun il register funsil
1 Per regla duai la mesiraziun preceder l’introducziun dal register funsil.
2 Cun il consentiment dal Cussegl federal po il register funsil gia vegnir constituì pli baud, sch’i èn avant maun registers dals bains immobigliars ch’èn precis avunda.
c. Temp da la realisaziun
2 La mesiraziun e l’introducziun dal register funsil pon vegnir realisadas ina suenter l’autra per ils singuls districts d’in chantun.
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
1 Abolì tras la cifra II da l’agiunta da la LF dals 5 d’oct. 2007 davart la geoinfurmaziun, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2008 (AS 2008 2793; BBl 2006 7817).
3. Inscripziun dals dretgs reals
a. Procedura
1 A chaschun da l’introducziun dal register funsil duain vegnir inscrits ils dretgs reals ch’existan gia da quel temp.
2 Per quest intent sto vegnir decretà in clom public cun l’invitaziun d’annunziar e da laschar inscriver quests dretgs.
3 Ils dretgs reals ch’èn inscrits en registers publics tenor il dretg vegl, vegnan transferids d’uffizi en il register funsil, uschenavant ch’els pon vegnir constituids tenor il dretg nov.
b. Consequenzas, sche l’inscripziun vegn tralaschada
1 Ils dretgs reals tenor il dretg vegl che na vegnan betg inscrits mantegnan bain lur valaivladad, els na pon dentant betg vegnir fatgs valair vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.
2 Igl è resalvà a la legislaziun federala u chantunala da declerar tut ils dretgs reals che n’èn betg vegnids inscrits en il register funsil sco abolids a partir d’in tschert termin, suenter ch’igl è vegnì decretà in clom public.
3 Las grevezzas funsilas da dretg public e las ipotecas legalas da dretg chantunal ch’èn resultadas avant l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 11 da december 20091 e che n’èn betg inscrittas pon vegnir fatgas valair anc durant 10 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da la midada vers terzas persunas ch’èn sa fidadas da buna fai sin il register funsil.2
4. Dretgs reals abolids
1 Dretgs reals che na pon betg pli vegnir constituids tenor il dretg dal register funsil, sco per exempel la proprietad da bostga sin terren ester, dretgs da pegns da giudida e dretgs sumegliants, na vegnan betg inscrits en il register funsil; els ston dentant vegnir remartgads en quel en moda opportuna.
2 Sch’els èn ids a perder per in motiv u l’auter, na pon els betg pli vegnir constituids da nov.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra IV da la LF dals 19 da dec. 1963, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 1965 (AS 1964 993; BBl 1962 II 1461).
5. Spustament da l’introducziun dal register funsil
1 Cun l’autorisaziun dal Cussegl federal pon ils chantuns spustar d’introducir il register funsil tenor las prescripziuns dal nov Cudesch civil, uschespert che las furmas dal dretg chantunal, cun u senza cumplettaziuns, paran dad esser suffizientas per garantir ils effects dal register funsil en il senn dal dretg nov.
2 En quest cas stoi vegnir fixà exactamain, cun tge furmas dal dretg chantunal ch’ils effects dal dretg nov duain esser colliads.
6. Entrada en vigur dal dretg real avant il register funsil
Il dretg real dal nov Cudesch civil entra generalmain en vigur er senza ch’ils registers funsils sajan vegnids constituids.
7. Effects da furmas chantunalas
1 Cun l’entrada en vigur dal dretg real ed avant l’introducziun dal register funsil pon ils chantuns designar las furmas, a las qualas ils effects dal register funsil vegnan attribuids immediatamain (omologaziun, inscripziun en registers da bains immobigliars, d’ipotecas u da servituts).
2 Ils chantuns pon fixar che questas furmas possedan er senza u avant l’introducziun dal register funsil ils effects ch’èn colliads cun tal e che concernan la constituziun, il transferiment, la midada e l’extincziun dals dretgs reals.
3 Effects dal register funsil a favur da terzas persunas da buna fai n’existan percunter betg avant ch’il register funsil è vegnì introducì u avant ch’in auter institut è vegnì declerà sco equivalent.
F. Surannaziun
1 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli lung ch’il dretg vegl, vala il dretg nov, uschenavant che la surannaziun tenor il dretg vertent n’è betg anc entrada.
2 Sch’il dretg nov fixescha in termin pli curt, vala il dretg vegl.
3 L’entrada en vigur dal dretg nov n’ha nagins effects sin il cumenzament d’ina surannaziun currenta, nun che la lescha disponia insatge auter.
4 Dal rest vala il dretg nov per la surannaziun a partir dal mument ch’el entra en vigur.
1 Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da zer. 2018 (revisiun dal dretg da surannaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2020 (AS 2018 5343; BBl 2014 235).
10. Cuntinuaziun dal dretg vegl per spezias da pegn veglias
1 Brevs da rendita sco er brevs ipotecaras emessas en serias restan inscrittas en il register funsil.
2 Ellas èn suttamessas er vinavant a las disposiziuns dal dretg vegl.
3 Il dretg chantunal po prevair la transfurmaziun da brevs da rendita ch’èn vegnidas constituidas sin basa da dretg federal u da dretg vegl en spezias da pegn dal dretg vertent. Per imports minimals po la transfurmaziun er cuntegnair l’introducziun d’ina responsabladad persunala dal proprietari dal bain immobigliar impegnà.
1 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en il dretg real), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).
