¹ Judges and judicial officers shall recuse themselves if:

a.

they have a personal interest in the case;

b.

they have acted in the same case in another capacity, in particular as member of an authority, legal agent, expert witness, witness or mediator;

c.

they are or were married to, or live or lived in a registered partnership or co-habit with a party or his or her representative or a person who has acted in the same case as a member of the lower court;

d.

they are related to a party by birth or marriage in direct line or in collateral line up to the third degree;

e.

they are related by birth or marriage in direct line or in collateral line up to the second degree to the representative of a party or a person who has acted in the same case as a member of the lower court;

f.

they may not be impartial for other reasons, notably due to friendship or enmity with a party or his or her representative.

² Involvement in the following, in particular, is in itself no reason for recusal:

a.

the decision on legal aid;

b.

the conciliation proceedings;

c.

the setting aside of an objection under Articles 80 to 84 DEBA³⁰;

d.

the ordering of interim measures;

e.

proceedings for protection of the marital union.